使用 Scrapy + Splash 的表单请求

Question

我正在尝试使用以下代码登录网站（针对本文稍作修改）：

import scrapy
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess

class Login_me(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'espn'
    allowed_domains = ['games.espn.com']
    start_urls = ['http://games.espn.com/ffl/leaguerosters?leagueId=774630']

    def start_requests(self):
        script = """
        function main(splash)
                local url = splash.args.url

                assert(splash:go(url))
                assert(splash:wait(10))

                local search_input = splash:select('input[type=email]')   
                search_input:send_text("user email")

                local search_input = splash:select('input[type=password]')
                search_input:send_text("user password!")

                assert(splash:wait(10))
                local submit_button = splash:select('input[type=submit]')
                submit_button:click()

                assert(splash:wait(10))

                return html = splash:html()
              end
            """

        yield SplashRequest(
            'http://games.espn.com/ffl/leaguerosters?leagueId=774630',
            callback=self.after_login,
            endpoint='execute',
            args={'lua_source': script}
            )
        def after_login(self, response):
            table = response.xpath('//table[@id="playertable_0"]')
            for player in table.css('tr[id]'):
                 item = {
                         'id': player.css('::attr(id)').extract_first(),
                        }    
                 yield item
            print(item)

我收到错误：

<GET http://games.espn.com/ffl/signin?redir=http%3A%2F%2Fgames.espn.com%2Fffl%2Fleaguerosters%3FleagueId%3D774630> from <GET http://games.espn.com/ffl/leaguerosters?leagueId=774630>
2018-12-14 16:49:04 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://games.espn.com/ffl/signin?redir=http%3A%2F%2Fgames.espn.com%2Fffl%2Fleaguerosters%3FleagueId%3D774630> (referer: None)
2018-12-14 16:49:04 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Spider error processing <GET http://games.espn.com/ffl/signin?redir=http%3A%2F%2Fgames.espn.com%2Fffl%2Fleaguerosters%3FleagueId%3D774630> (referer: None)

由于某种原因，我仍然无法登录。我在这里浏览了许多不同的帖子，并尝试了许多不同的“splash:select”变体，但我似乎找不到我的问题。当我用 chrome 检查网页时，我看到了这个（密码有类似的 html）：

 <input type="email" placeholder="Username or Email Address" autocapitalize="none" autocomplete="on" autocorrect="off" spellcheck="false" ng-model="vm.username" 
ng-pattern="/^[^<&quot;>]*$/" ng-required="true" did-disable-validate="" ng-focus="vm.resetUsername()" class="ng-pristine ng-invalid ng-invalid-required 
ng-valid-pattern ng-touched" tabindex="0" required="required" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="true">

上面的 html，我相信是用 JS 写的。所以我无法用 Scrapy 抓取它，所以，我查看了页面的源代码，我认为与 Splash 一起使用的相关 JS 代码是这样的（虽然不确定）：

function authenticate(params) {
        return makeRequest('POST', '/guest/login', {
            'loginValue': params.loginValue,
            'password': params.password
        }, {
            'Authorization': params.authorization,
            'correlation-id': params.correlationId,
            'conversation-id': params.conversationId,
            'oneid-reporting': buildReportingHeader(params.reporting)
        }, {
            'langPref': getLangPref()
        });
    }

有人可以将我推向正确的方向吗？

Answer 1

这里的主要问题是登录表单位于 iframe 元素内。我不知道 scrapy_splash，所以下面的 POC 代码使用了 selenium 和 beautiful soup。但机制与splash类似，你需要切换到iframe，然后当id消失时再返回。

import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from selenium import webdriver

USER = 'theUser'
PASS = 'thePassword'

fp = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
driver = webdriver.Firefox(fp)
driver.get('http://games.espn.com/ffl/leaguerosters?leagueId=774630')

iframe = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('iframe#disneyid-iframe')
driver.switch_to.frame(iframe)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[type='email']").send_keys(USER)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[type='password']").send_keys(PASS)
driver.find_element_by_css_selector("button[type='submit']").click()

driver.switch_to.default_content()
soup_level1 = BeautifulSoup(driver.page_source, 'html.parser')

要使此代码正常工作，您需要在路径中安装 Firefox 和 geckodriver 以及兼容版本。