printf:如何对齐小数点上的数字

Question

考虑有一组数字:

my @array =   (
   1.788139343e-007, 0.0547055073198, -0.703213036125,
   -0.583665880391, -1.41198285298, +0.171879081676,
   -0.58966025098, -86.0627173425, -0.84449797709,
 3.49876623321e-005, 3.02660429162, -0.256948695361);

我想将小数点对齐在总宽度为m的第n列(可能n = 6和m = 25)

如果使用%fi得到很好的对齐数字,但需要科学记数法的数字正在被破坏.usging %g将点后面的precision参数解释为绝对精度,在小数点后产生不同的小数.由于大多数数字在(-10,10)范围内,我不想采用科学记数法%e

是否有我忽略的标志或格式属性(或组合)？

预期的结果将是:

foreach my $f (@array){
  printf("[%+25.12g]$/", $f);
}


[   +1.788139343e-007     ]
[   +0.0547055073198      ]
[   -0.703213036125       ]
[   -0.583665880391       ]
[   -1.41198285298        ]
[   +0.0171879081676      ]
[   -0.58966025098        ]
[  -86.0627173425         ]
[   -0.84449797709        ]
[   +3.49876623321e-005   ]
[   +3.02660429162        ]
[   -0.256948695361       ]

甚至更好

[   +1.7881393430000e-007 ]
[   +0.0547055073198      ]
[   -0.7032130361250      ]
[   -0.5836658803910      ]
[   -1.4119828529800      ]
[   +0.0171879081676      ]
[   -0.5896602509800      ]
[  -86.0627173425000      ]
[   -0.8444979770900      ]
[   +3.4987662332100e-005 ]
[   +3.0266042916200      ]
[   -0.2569486953610      ]

(问题是关于Perl但是s?printf格式字符串是相当独立的,所以我也添加了C标签)

Answer 1

该[*]printf功能允许您:

• 得到多少字符,
• 添加一些填充.

因此,如果你知道dot(d = sprintf(buf, "%.0f", ar[i]);)之前有多少个字符,你可以使用(printf("[%*s %g", 4-d, "", ar[i]);)对齐点.

然后使用相同的逻辑来对齐右括号:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    double ar[] = {
        1.788139343e-007,   0.0547055073198, -0.703213036125,
       -0.583665880391,    -1.41198285298,    0.171879081676,
       -0.58966025098,    -86.0627173425,    -0.84449797709,
        3.49876623321e-005, 3.02660429162,   -0.256948695361};

    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
    {
        /* buffer to count how much character are before the dot*/
        char buf[64];

        /* how much before the dot? */
        int d = sprintf(buf, "%+.0lf", ar[i]);

        /* write float with aligned dot and store second padding */
        int e = printf("[%*s %+.15lg", 4-d, "", ar[i]);
        printf("%*s]\n", 25-e, "");

    }
    return 0;
}

得到:

[   +1.788139343e-07     ]
[   +0.0547055073198     ]
[   -0.703213036125      ]
[   -0.583665880391      ]
[   -1.41198285298       ]
[   +0.171879081676      ]
[   -0.58966025098       ]
[  -86.0627173425        ]
[   -0.84449797709       ]
[   +3.49876623321e-05   ]
[   +3.02660429162       ]
[   -0.256948695361      ]