tri*_*o32 2 c pointers dynamic-memory-allocation
我的问题是关于 C 中的动态内存分配。我被要求动态分配一个nlong数组,并返回指向该数组第一个元素的指针。我有一些代码来测试这个输出,但内存分配失败。
long* make_long_array(long n)
{
int i;
int *a;
a = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int)*n);
if (a == NULL) {
printf("ERROR: Out of memory\n");
return 1;
}
for (i = 0; i < n; *(a + i++) = 0);
return *a;
}
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我在两行上收到一个错误说
'错误:返回使指针来自整数而不进行强制转换'
这发生在线路上
return 1;
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和
return *a;
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我不完全确定如何解决这个问题。我认为错误return 1;在于我在寻找指针时试图返回一个整数?但我不确定如何修复它以返回指针。任何帮助将非常感激。
要修复您的原始版本:
long* make_long_array(/* long not the correct type for sizes of objects */ size_t n)
{
// int i; define variables where they're used.
/* int you want to return a */ long *a; // array.
a = /* (int*) no need to cast */ malloc(sizeof(/* int */ you want */ long /*s, remember? *) */ ) * n);
if (a == NULL) {
printf("ERROR: Out of memory\n"); // puts()/fputs() would be sufficient.
return /* 1 */ NULL; // 1 is an integer. Also it is uncommon to return
} // anything other than NULL when a memory allocation
// fails.
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; /* *(a + i++) = 0 that falls into the category obfuscation */ ++i )
/* more readable: */ a[i] = 0;
// return *a; you don't want to return the first long in the memory allocated
return a; // but the address you got from malloc()
}
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一个更好的方式以旧换新写这样的分配是
FOO_TYPE *foo = malloc(NUM_ELEMENTS * sizeof(*foo)); // or
BAR_TYPE *bar = calloc(NUM_ELEMENTS, sizeof(*bar));
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通过使用*fooand*bar作为操作数,sizeof您不必担心在fooor的类型发生变化时更改它bar。
您的功能可以简化为
#include <stddef.h> // size_t
#include <stdlib.h> // calloc()
long* make_long_array(size_t size) // size_t is guaranteed to be big enough to hold
{ // all sizes of objects in memory and indexes
return calloc(size, sizeof(long)); // into them. calloc() initializes the memory
} // it allocates with zero.
// if you really want an error-message printed:
long* make_long_array(size_t size)
{
long *data = calloc(size, sizeof(long));
if (!data) // calloc() returned NULL
fputs("Out of memory :(\n\n", stderr); // Error messages should go to stderr
return data; // since it is unbuffered*) and
} // might be redirected by the user.
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*) 以便用户立即收到消息。
也没有必要对结果进行转换,*alloc()因为它们返回 a void*,它在所有其他指针类型中都可以隐式转换。
可以写成一个宏,所以它不仅适用long于任何类型:
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAKE_ARRAY(TYPE, COUNT) calloc((COUNT), sizeof((TYPE)))
// sample usage:
int main(void)
{
int *foo = MAKE_ARRAY(*foo, 12);
long *bar = MAKE_ARRAY(*bar, 24);
char *qux = MAKE_ARRAY(*qux, 8);
free(qux);
free(bar);
free(foo);
}
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