Rea*_*nly 112 regex networking ipv6
我在编写匹配有效IPv6地址的正则表达式时遇到问题,包括压缩形式的那些(::
从每个字节对中省略或前导零).
有人可以建议一个符合要求的正则表达式吗?
我正在考虑扩展每个字节对,并将结果与更简单的正则表达式进行匹配.
Dav*_*dek 233
我无法得到@Factor Mystic使用POSIX正则表达式的答案,所以我写了一个与POSIX正则表达式和PERL正则表达式一起使用的答案.
它应该匹配:
IPv6正则表达式:
(([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}|[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})|:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)|fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}|::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])|([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]))
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
为便于阅读,以下是将主要OR点分割成单独行的上述正则表达式:
# IPv6 RegEx
(
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){7,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}| # 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,7}:| # 1:: 1:2:3:4:5:6:7::
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,6}:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}| # 1::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,2}| # 1::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,3}| # 1::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,4}| # 1::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::8
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,5}| # 1::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::8
[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,6})| # 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::8
:((:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}){1,7}|:)| # ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::8 ::
fe80:(:[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}| # fe80::7:8%eth0 fe80::7:8%1 (link-local IPv6 addresses with zone index)
::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}
((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}
(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])| # ::255.255.255.255 ::ffff:255.255.255.255 ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 (IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses and IPv4-translated addresses)
([0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}:){1,4}:
((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}
(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9]) # 2001:db8:3:4::192.0.2.33 64:ff9b::192.0.2.33 (IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address)
)
# IPv4 RegEx
((25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])\.){3,3}(25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
为了使上述内容更容易理解,以下"伪"代码复制了上述内容:
IPV4SEG = (25[0-5]|(2[0-4]|1{0,1}[0-9]){0,1}[0-9])
IPV4ADDR = (IPV4SEG\.){3,3}IPV4SEG
IPV6SEG = [0-9a-fA-F]{1,4}
IPV6ADDR = (
(IPV6SEG:){7,7}IPV6SEG| # 1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8
(IPV6SEG:){1,7}:| # 1:: 1:2:3:4:5:6:7::
(IPV6SEG:){1,6}:IPV6SEG| # 1::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8 1:2:3:4:5:6::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,5}(:IPV6SEG){1,2}| # 1::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::7:8 1:2:3:4:5::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,4}(:IPV6SEG){1,3}| # 1::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::6:7:8 1:2:3:4::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,3}(:IPV6SEG){1,4}| # 1::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::5:6:7:8 1:2:3::8
(IPV6SEG:){1,2}(:IPV6SEG){1,5}| # 1::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::4:5:6:7:8 1:2::8
IPV6SEG:((:IPV6SEG){1,6})| # 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::3:4:5:6:7:8 1::8
:((:IPV6SEG){1,7}|:)| # ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::2:3:4:5:6:7:8 ::8 ::
fe80:(:IPV6SEG){0,4}%[0-9a-zA-Z]{1,}| # fe80::7:8%eth0 fe80::7:8%1 (link-local IPv6 addresses with zone index)
::(ffff(:0{1,4}){0,1}:){0,1}IPV4ADDR| # ::255.255.255.255 ::ffff:255.255.255.255 ::ffff:0:255.255.255.255 (IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses and IPv4-translated addresses)
(IPV6SEG:){1,4}:IPV4ADDR # 2001:db8:3:4::192.0.2.33 64:ff9b::192.0.2.33 (IPv4-Embedded IPv6 Address)
)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我在GitHub上发布了一个测试正则表达式的脚本:https://gist.github.com/syzdek/6086792
Mic*_*ton 51
以下内容将验证IPv4,IPv6(完整和压缩)以及IPv6v4(完整和压缩)地址:
'/^(?>(?>([a-f0-9]{1,4})(?>:(?1)){7}|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9](?>:|$)){8,})((?1)(?>:(?1)){0,6})?::(?2)?)|(?>(?>(?1)(?>:(?1)){5}:|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){6,})(?3)?::(?>((?1)(?>:(?1)){0,4}):)?)?(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|[1-9]?[0-9])(?>\.(?4)){3}))$/iD'
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
Fac*_*tic 23
来自" IPv6正则表达式 ":
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,1}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,6}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,5}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,4}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,5}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,2}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,6}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,1}\Z)|
(\A(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,7}|:):\Z)|
(\A:(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,7}\Z)|
(\A((([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6})(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3})\Z)|
(\A(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3})\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,1}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,4}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,2}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,3}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,3}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,2}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,4}(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,1}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A(([0-9a-f]{1,4}:){1,5}|:):(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)|
(\A:(:[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,5}:(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|[0-1]?\d?\d)){3}\Z)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
Joe*_*and 22
听起来你可能正在使用Python.如果是这样,你可以使用这样的东西:
import socket
def check_ipv6(n):
try:
socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, n)
return True
except socket.error:
return False
print check_ipv6('::1') # True
print check_ipv6('foo') # False
print check_ipv6(5) # TypeError exception
print check_ipv6(None) # TypeError exception
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我认为您不必将Python编译到Python中inet_pton
,如果您socket.AF_INET
作为第一个参数传入,它也可以解析IPv4地址.注意:这可能不适用于非Unix系统.
Roh*_*kar 14
这也会捕获环回(:: 1)和 ipv6 地址。将 {} 更改为 + 并将 : 放在第一个方括号内。
([a-f0-9:]+:+)+[a-f0-9]+
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
使用 ifconfig -a 输出http://regexr.com/进行测试
Unix 或 Mac OSx 终端 o 选项仅返回匹配的输出(ipv6),包括 ::1
ifconfig -a | egrep -o '([a-f0-9:]+:+)+[a-f0-9]+'
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
获取所有 IP 地址(IPv4 或 IPv6)并在 unix OSx 术语上打印匹配项
ifconfig -a | egrep -o '([0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}) | (([a-f0-9:]+:+)+[a-f0-9]+)'
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我必须强烈反对Frank Krueger的答案.
虽然您说需要正则表达式来匹配IPv6地址,但我假设您真正需要的是能够检查给定字符串是否是有效的IPv6地址.这里有一个微妙但重要的区别.
有多种方法可以检查给定字符串是否是有效的IPv6地址,而正则表达式匹配只是一种解决方案.
如果可以,请使用现有库.该库将有更少的错误,它的使用将导致更少的代码供您维护.
因子神秘主义者建议的正则表达是漫长而复杂的.它很可能有效,但你也应该考虑如果它出乎意料地失败你将如何应对.我想在这里提出的观点是,如果你不能自己形成一个必需的正则表达式,你将无法轻松调试它.
如果您没有合适的库,那么编写自己的不依赖于正则表达式的IPv6验证例程可能会更好.如果您编写它,您就会理解它,如果您理解它,您可以添加注释来解释它,以便其他人也可以理解并随后维护它.
使用正则表达式时要谨慎行事,其功能无法向其他人解释.
我不是Ipv6专家,但我认为你可以用这个更轻松地获得一个非常好的结果:
^([0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}:){2,7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}$|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)(\.|$)){4})$
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
回答"是一个有效的ipv6"它对我来说似乎没问题.把它分解成几部分......忘掉它吧.我省略了未指定的一个(::),因为我的数据库中没有"未指定的地址".
开头:
^([0-9A-Fa-f]{0,4}:){2,7}
< - 匹配可压缩部分,我们可以将其翻译为:2到7之间的冒号,它们之间可能有heaxadecimal数.
接下来是:
[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}$
< - 一个十六进制数字(省略前导0)或
((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)(\.|$)){4}
< - 一个Ipv4地址
小智 7
此正则表达式将根据使用REGULAR EXTENDED模式的正则表达式的GNU C++实现匹配有效的IPv6和IPv4地址:
"^\s*((([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){7}([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){6}(:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}|((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){5}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,2})|:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3})|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){4}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,3})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4})?:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){3}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,4})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,2}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){2}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,5})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,3}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(([0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}:){1}(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,6})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,4}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:))|(:(((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){1,7})|((:[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}){0,5}:((25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])(\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9][0-9]|[1-9]?[0-9])){3}))|:)))(%.+)?\s*$"
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
如果你使用 Perl 试试Net::IPv6Addr
use Net::IPv6Addr;
if( defined Net::IPv6Addr::is_ipv6($ip_address) ){
print "Looks like an ipv6 address\n";
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
use NetAddr::IP;
my $obj = NetAddr::IP->new6($ip_address);
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
use Validate::IP qw'is_ipv6';
if( is_ipv6($ip_address) ){
print "Looks like an ipv6 address\n";
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
小智 5
谨防!在Java中使用InetAddress及相关类(Inet4Address、Inet6Address、URL)可能会涉及到网络流量!例如 DNS 解析(URL.equals,字符串中的 InetAddress!)。此调用可能需要很长时间并且正在阻塞!
对于 IPv6,我有类似的东西。这当然不会处理 IPv6 的非常微妙的细节,例如仅在某些类别的 IPv6 地址上允许区域索引。而且这个正则表达式不是为组捕获而编写的,它只是一种“匹配”类型的正则表达式。
S
- IPv6 段 = [0-9a-f]{1,4}
I
- IPv4 = (?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})\.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})
示意图(第一部分匹配带有 IPv4 后缀的 IPv6 地址,第二部分匹配 IPv6 地址,最后部分匹配区域索引):
(
(
::(S:){0,5}|
S::(S:){0,4}|
(S:){2}:(S:){0,3}|
(S:){3}:(S:){0,2}|
(S:){4}:(S:)?|
(S:){5}:|
(S:){6}
)
I
|
:(:|(:S){1,7})|
S:(:|(:S){1,6})|
(S:){2}(:|(:S){1,5})|
(S:){3}(:|(:S){1,4})|
(S:){4}(:|(:S){1,3})|
(S:){5}(:|(:S){1,2})|
(S:){6}(:|(:S))|
(S:){7}:|
(S:){7}S
)
(?:%[0-9a-z]+)?
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
在这里可能的正则表达式(不区分大小写,用需要的东西包围,比如行首/行尾等):
(?:
(?:
::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,5}|
[0-9a-f]{1,4}::(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,4}|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,3}|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){0,2}|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:)?|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}:|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}
)
(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})\.){3}
(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9]{1,2})|
:(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,7})|
[0-9a-f]{1,4}:(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,6})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){2}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,5})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){3}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,4})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){4}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,3})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){5}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}){1,2})|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){6}(?::|(?::[0-9a-f]{1,4}))|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){7}:|
(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4}:){7}[0-9a-f]{1,4}
)
(?:%[0-9a-z]+)?
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
小智 5
以下正则表达式仅适用于 IPv6。第 1 组与 IP 匹配。
(([0-9a-fA-F]{0,4}:){1,7}[0-9a-fA-F]{0,4})
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)