返回字典中的三个最大值

Question

我有以下字典:

'{0: 0, 1: 11, 2: 26, 3: 43, 4: 14, 5: 29, 6: 34, 7: 49, 8: 49, 9: 108, 10: 124, 11: 108, 12: 361, 13: 290, 14: 2118, 15: 5408, 16: 43473, 17: 109462, 18: 111490, 19: 244675, 20: 115878, 21: 6960}'

对于这个字典,我想写一个函数,它返回具有最高值的三个键值对(所以在这种情况下键18,19,20).

我想出了以下内容:

cachedict = nr_of_objects_per_century() #Dictionary mentioned above

def top_3_centuries():
        max_nr_works_list = sorted(cachedict.values())
        top_3_values = []
        for i in range(len(max_nr_works_list)-3, len(max_nr_works_list)):
            top_3_values.append(max_nr_works_list[i])
            print(top_3_values)

这给了我一个我想要查找的最大值的列表.但是我怎么从这里开始呢？有没有办法在没有反向查找的情况下做到这一点(这对词典来说很慢,对吧？)我觉得我可以更有效地/ pythonic地完成这项任务.

Answer 1

您也可以使用collections.Counterwith most_common(内部使用堆队列):

from collections import Counter

dct = {0: 0, 1: 11, 2: 26, 3: 43, 4: 14, 5: 29, 6: 34, 7: 49, 8: 49, 
       9: 108, 10: 124, 11: 108, 12: 361, 13: 290, 14: 2118, 15: 5408, 
       16: 43473, 17: 109462, 18: 111490, 19: 244675, 20: 115878, 21: 6960}

count = Counter(dct)
print(count.most_common(3))  # [(19, 244675), (20, 115878), (18, 111490)]

Answer 2

heapq.nlargest

您可以使用堆队列来避免完全排序:

from heapq import nlargest
from operator import itemgetter

dct = {0: 0, 1: 11, 2: 26, 3: 43, 4: 14, 5: 29, 6: 34, 7: 49, 8: 49,
       9: 108, 10: 124, 11: 108, 12: 361, 13: 290, 14: 2118, 15: 5408,
       16: 43473, 17: 109462, 18: 111490, 19: 244675, 20: 115878, 21: 6960}

res = nlargest(3, dct.items(), key=itemgetter(1))

print(res)
# [(19, 244675), (20, 115878), (18, 111490)]