如何查询具有未定义深度的层次结构类别树实体

Question

我使用springboot为购物网站创建了一个层次结构或树形结构.我的问题是在寻找特定产品及其父母时如何查询这样的结构:

id,  category_name,   parent_id
'1', 'Electronics',      NULL
'2', 'Gaming',           NULL
'3', 'Home Audio',       '1'
'4', 'Console',          '2'
'5', 'Sony',             '4'
'6', 'Karaoke',          '3'

这就是我所做的,关于我需要在实体上实现这个结构的任何指针,以及我如何查询它,即

同样重要的是要注意我正在使用postgres数据库

1. findAllProducts在一个类别和
2. 查找链接到产品的所有类别.

类别实体

@Entity
@Table(name = "categories")
public class Category {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String categoryName;

        @ManyToOne
        @JoinColumn(name = "parent_id")
        private Category parent;

        @OneToMany(mappedBy = "parent", cascade = CascadeType.REMOVE, orphanRemoval = true)
        private List<Category> children = new ArrayList<Category>();

    // Getter and setter removed for readability    
}

产品实体

@Entity
@Table(name = "products")
public class Product {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private Long id;

    @Version
    @Column(name = "version")
    private Integer version;

    private String name;

    private int quantity;

    @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinTable(name = "products_categories", joinColumns = {
            @JoinColumn(name = "product_id", referencedColumnName = "id") }, inverseJoinColumns = {
                    @JoinColumn(name = "category_id", referencedColumnName = "id") })
    private List<Category> categories;

  // getters and setter omitted for readability

}

分类服务

public class CategoryService {

@Autowired
private CategoryRepository categoryRepository;

public void addCategory(Category category) {
    categoryRepository.save(category);
}
}

产品服务

public class ProductService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductRepository productRepository;

    public void addProduct(Product product) {
        productRepository.save(product);
    }
   }

Answer 1

您可以使用递归查询来选择给定类别的父级。

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface CategoryRepository extends JpaRepository<Category, Long> {

  @Query(
      value = "WITH RECURSIVE ancestors(id, parent_id, category_name, lvl) AS ("
          + "   SELECT cat.id, cat.parent_id, cat.category_name, 1 AS lvl "
          + "   FROM categories cat "
          + "   WHERE cat.id = :categoryId "
          + "   UNION ALL "
          + "   SELECT parent.id, parent.parent_id, parent.category_name, child.lvl + 1 AS lvl "
          + "   FROM categories parent "
          + "   JOIN ancestors child "
          + "   ON parent.id = child.parent_id "
          + " )"
          + "SELECT category_name from ancestors ORDER BY lvl DESC"
      , nativeQuery = true)
  List<String> findAncestry(@Param("categoryId") Long categoryId);
}

以下是创建类别层次结构并对其进行查询的测试：

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class HierarchyTest {

  @Autowired
  CategoryRepository categoryRepository;

  @Test
  public void testCategoryRepository() {
    String[] electronicsCategoryNames = {"Electronics", "Home Audio", "Karaoke"};
    String[] gamingCategoryNames = {"Gaming", "Console", "Sony"};

    Category karaoke = createCategories(electronicsCategoryNames);
    Category sony = createCategories(gamingCategoryNames);

    findAncestry(karaoke, electronicsCategoryNames);
    findAncestry(sony, gamingCategoryNames);
  }

  Category createCategories(String[] categoryNames) {
    Category parent = null;

    for (String categoryName : categoryNames) {
      Category category = new Category();
      category.setCategoryName(categoryName);
      category.setParent(parent);
      parent = categoryRepository.save(category);
    }

    Assert.assertNotNull("category.id", parent.getId());
    return parent;
  }


  void findAncestry(Category category, String[] categoryNames) {
    List<String> ancestry = categoryRepository.findAncestry(category.getId());
    Assert.assertEquals("ancestry.size", categoryNames.length, ancestry.size());

    for (int i = 0; i < categoryNames.length; i++) {
      Assert.assertEquals("ancestor " + i, categoryNames[i], ancestry.get(i));
    }
  }
}

请注意，这是在 H2 和 PostgreSQL 数据库上进行测试的。您可能需要根据您使用的实际数据库修改本机查询。

PostgreSQL 有关于其工作原理的优秀文档，请参阅：

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/queries-with.html