java.lang.IllegalStateException：未注册任何工具！必须在注册工具下运行

Question

我一直在尝试使用Espresso执行简单的UI测试，但我的所有测试均因相同的异常而失败：

java.lang.IllegalStateException：未注册任何工具！必须在注册工具下运行

这是在这里使用浓缩咖啡的初学者指南。我已经找到了类似的问题，但是与我最相关的问题在这里没有得到解答-我想这是因为它们没有画出全部图片，所以这是我的代码。我将只显示一个测试，因为它们全部失败，并产生完全相同的错误：

build.gradle（模块：应用）

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 27
    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "io.github.vinge1718.myrestaurants"
        minSdkVersion 15
        targetSdkVersion 27
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        //testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    testOptions {
        unitTests {
            includeAndroidResources = true
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    testImplementation "org.robolectric:robolectric:3.8"
    implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
    implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.1'
    implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.3'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
    androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
    androidTestImplementation('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2', {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'
    })

    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:runner:1.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test:rules:1.1.0'
    androidTestImplementation 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
}

build.gradle（项目：MyRestaurant）

buildscript {

    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
        maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots" }
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:3.2.1'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

校正这里是两个测试。我不认为该错误与测试本身有任何关系，但与配置有关-尽管我已经纠正了

（MainActivityInstrumentationTest.java）

package io.github.vinge1718.myrestaurants;

import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;

import static androidx.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static androidx.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static androidx.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.closeSoftKeyboard;
import static androidx.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;
import static androidx.test.espresso.assertion.ViewAssertions.matches;
import static androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static androidx.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;


@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MainActivityInstrumentationTest {
    private String mStringToBetyped;

    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Before
    public void initValidString() {
        // Specify a valid string.
        mStringToBetyped = "Portland";
    }

    @Test
    public void validateEditText(){
        onView(withId(R.id.locationEditText))
                .perform(typeText(mStringToBetyped), closeSoftKeyboard())
                .check(matches(withText(mStringToBetyped)));
    }

    @Test
    public void locationIsSentToRestaurantActivity(){
        String location = "Portland";
        onView(withId(R.id.locationEditText)).perform(typeText(location));
        onView(withId(R.id.findRestaurantsButton)).perform(click());
        onView(withId(R.id.locationTextView)).check(matches(withText("Here are all the Restaurants near " + location)));
    }
}

我在这里尝试按照此espresso设置文档进行操作，但仍然出现相同的错误：

开始运行测试

java.lang.IllegalStateException：未注册任何工具！必须在注册工具下运行。在androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation（InstrumentationRegistry.java:50）在androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext（InstrumentationRegistry.java:101）在androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule。（ActivityTestRule.java:144）在androidx。 .rule.ActivityTestRule。（ActivityTestRule.java:120）位于androidx.test.rule.ActivityTestRule。（ActivityTestRule.java:103）位于io.github.vinge1718.myrestaurants.MainActivityInstrumentationTest。（MainActivityInstrumentationTest.java:25） org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest（BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java上的java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance（Constructor.java:334）上的.reflect.Constructor.newInstance0（本机方法）：

测试完成。

这是espresso设置文档中描述的我的测试配置：

在此处输入图片说明

Answer 1

我认为这是因为库androidx与com.android.support.test. 如果你想使用jetpack，你必须将所有测试库转换为androidx，如果你不想这样，只需删除你的androidx库并使用所有com.android.support.test. 检查我在Android Instrumentation Test: No Instrumentation Registration Error中的最新答案。希望这对您有帮助。