Serde可以根据字段的值将JSON反序列化为一组类型中的一种吗？

Question

我有一组以JSON形式出现的不同消息,可以基于单个字段进行区分,但每个变体都有不同的辅助字段集合:

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageOne {
    ///op will always be "one"
    op: String,
    x: f64,
    y: f64,
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageTwo {
    ///op will always be "two"
    op: String,
    a: f64,
    b: i64,
}

不同消息类型路由到不同的处理功能(例如process_message_one,process_message_two等).是否有一种优雅或惯用的方式来自动选择正确的消息子类型？目前我已经定义了一条通用消息:

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageGeneric {
    op: String,
}

然后将传入的JSON解析为MessageGeneric,读取op字段然后再次反序列化,匹配op以选择正确的消息类型.完整示例:

#![allow(unused)]

extern crate serde; // 1.0.78
extern crate serde_json; // 1.0.27

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;

use std::collections::HashMap;

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageGeneric {
    op: String,
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageOne {
    ///op will always be "one"
    op: String,
    x: f64,
    y: f64,
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct MessageTwo {
    ///op will always be "two"
    op: String,
    a: f64,
    b: f64,
}

fn process_message_one(m: &MessageOne) {
    println!("Processing a MessageOne: {:?}", m);
}

fn process_message_two(m: &MessageTwo) {
    println!("Processing a MessageTwo: {:?}", m);
}



fn main() {
    let data = r#"{
        "op": "one",
        "x": 1.0,
        "y": 2.0
    }"#;

    let z: MessageGeneric = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();

    match z.op.as_ref() {
        "one" => {
            let zp: MessageOne = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();
            process_message_one(&zp);
        },
        "two" => {
            let zp: MessageTwo = serde_json::from_str(data).unwrap();
            process_message_two(&zp);
        },
        _ => println!("Unknown Message Type")

    }

}

我已经看过Serde的枚举表示,但我不清楚在这种情况下是否/如何应用.进来的消息是由外部API定义的,所以除了知道变体是什么之外,我无法控制它们的内容.

Answer 1

是没有意义的,以保持"一"或在你的结构"二" MessageOne和MessageTwo:如果您已经构建了这个结构你已经知道,如果它是消息的一个或信息有两种.

extern crate serde; // 1.0.78
extern crate serde_json; // 1.0.27

#[macro_use]
extern crate serde_derive;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
#[serde(tag = "op")]
enum Message {
    #[serde(rename = "one")]
    One { x: f64, y: f64 },
    #[serde(rename = "two")]
    Two { a: f64, b: f64 },
}

fn process_message(message: &Message) {
    println!("Processing a : {:?}", message);
}

use serde_json::Error;

fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
    let data = r#"{
        "op": "one",
        "x": 1.0,
        "y": 2.0
    }"#;

    let message: Message = serde_json::from_str(data)?;
    process_message(&message);

    let data = r#"{
        "op": "two",
        "a": 1.0,
        "b": 2.0
    }"#;

    let message: Message = serde_json::from_str(data)?;
    process_message(&message);

    let data = r#"{
        "op": "42",
        "i": 1.0,
        "j": 2.0
    }"#;

    let message: Message = serde_json::from_str(data)?;
    process_message(&message);
    Ok(())
}

Standard Output
Processing a : One { x: 1.0, y: 2.0 }
Processing a : Two { a: 1.0, b: 2.0 }

Standard Error
Error: Error("unknown variant `42`, expected `one` or `two`", line: 2, column: 18)