我想遍历一个 URL 列表,我想知道这些 URL 是否存在。
RCurl提供url.exists()功能。但是,输出似乎不正确,因为例如它说 amazon.com 未注册(这样做是因为url.exists()-function 不返回 200 范围内的值,在 amazon.com 的情况下)它是 405(“不允许的方法”)。
我也试过HEAD()和GET()由提供的httr软件包。但有时我会在此处收到错误消息,例如超时或 URL 未注册。
错误消息如下所示:
Error in curl::curl_fetch_memory(url, handle = handle) :
Timeout was reached: Connection timed out after 10000 milliseconds
Error in curl::curl_fetch_memory(url, handle = handle) :
Could not resolve host: afsadadssadasf.com
当我收到这样的错误时,整个 for 循环就会停止。是否可以继续for循环?我试过tryCatch(),但据我所知,这只有在问题出在数据帧本身时才有帮助。
pingr::ping() 仅使用在健全的组织网络上被阻止的 ICMP,因为攻击者使用 ICMP 作为一种方式来窃取数据并与命令和控制服务器进行通信。
pingr::ping_port()不使用 HTTPHost:标头,因此 IP 地址可能会响应,但目标虚拟 Web 主机可能未在其上运行,并且绝对不会验证目标 URL 中是否存在路径。
当只有非 200:299 范围的 HTTP 状态代码时,您应该阐明您想要发生的事情。下面做一个假设。
注意:您以亚马逊为例,我希望这是第一个“想到”的网站,因为刮刮亚马逊是不道德的,也是犯罪行为,如果您确实是这样,我将不胜感激我的代码不会被带入您的世界只是一个厚颜无耻的内容窃贼。如果您正在窃取内容,那么您不太可能在这方面预先说明,但在外面的机会中,您既在窃取又有良心,请告诉我,以便我可以删除此答案,以便至少其他内容窃贼可以”使用它。
这是一个用于检查 URL 的独立函数:
#' @param x a single URL
#' @param non_2xx_return_value what to do if the site exists but the
#' HTTP status code is not in the `2xx` range. Default is to return `FALSE`.
#' @param quiet if not `FALSE`, then every time the `non_2xx_return_value` condition
#' arises a warning message will be displayed. Default is `FALSE`.
#' @param ... other params (`timeout()` would be a good one) passed directly
#' to `httr::HEAD()` and/or `httr::GET()`
url_exists <- function(x, non_2xx_return_value = FALSE, quiet = FALSE,...) {
suppressPackageStartupMessages({
require("httr", quietly = FALSE, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
})
# you don't need thse two functions if you're alread using `purrr`
# but `purrr` is a heavyweight compiled pacakge that introduces
# many other "tidyverse" dependencies and this doesnt.
capture_error <- function(code, otherwise = NULL, quiet = TRUE) {
tryCatch(
list(result = code, error = NULL),
error = function(e) {
if (!quiet)
message("Error: ", e$message)
list(result = otherwise, error = e)
},
interrupt = function(e) {
stop("Terminated by user", call. = FALSE)
}
)
}
safely <- function(.f, otherwise = NULL, quiet = TRUE) {
function(...) capture_error(.f(...), otherwise, quiet)
}
sHEAD <- safely(httr::HEAD)
sGET <- safely(httr::GET)
# Try HEAD first since it's lightweight
res <- sHEAD(x, ...)
if (is.null(res$result) ||
((httr::status_code(res$result) %/% 200) != 1)) {
res <- sGET(x, ...)
if (is.null(res$result)) return(NA) # or whatever you want to return on "hard" errors
if (((httr::status_code(res$result) %/% 200) != 1)) {
if (!quiet) warning(sprintf("Requests for [%s] responded but without an HTTP status code in the 200-299 range", x))
return(non_2xx_return_value)
}
return(TRUE)
} else {
return(TRUE)
}
}
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搏一搏:
c(
"http://content.thief/",
"http://rud.is/this/path/does/not_exist",
"https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=content+theft",
"https://www.google.com/search?num=100&source=hp&ei=xGzMW5TZK6G8ggegv5_QAw&q=don%27t+be+a+content+thief&btnK=Google+Search&oq=don%27t+be+a+content+thief&gs_l=psy-ab.3...934.6243..7114...2.0..0.134.2747.26j6....2..0....1..gws-wiz.....0..0j35i39j0i131j0i20i264j0i131i20i264j0i22i30j0i22i10i30j33i22i29i30j33i160.mY7wCTYy-v0",
"https://rud.is/b/2018/10/10/geojson-version-of-cbc-quebec-ridings-hex-cartograms-with-example-usage-in-r/"
) -> some_urls
data.frame(
exists = sapply(some_urls, url_exists, USE.NAMES = FALSE),
some_urls,
stringsAsFactors = FALSE
) %>% dplyr::tbl_df() %>% print()
## A tibble: 5 x 2
## exists some_urls
## <lgl> <chr>
## 1 NA http://content.thief/
## 2 FALSE http://rud.is/this/path/does/not_exist
## 3 TRUE https://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss_2?url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=con…
## 4 TRUE https://www.google.com/search?num=100&source=hp&ei=xGzMW5TZK6G8ggegv5_QAw&q=don%27t…
## 5 TRUE https://rud.is/b/2018/10/10/geojson-version-of-cbc-quebec-ridings-hex-cartograms-wi…
## Warning message:
## In FUN(X[[i]], ...) :
## Requests for [http://rud.is/this/path/does/not_exist] responded but without an HTTP status code in the 200-299 range
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小智 5
这是解决问题的简单方法。
urls <- c("http://www.amazon.com",
"http://this.isafakelink.biz",
"https://stackoverflow.com")
valid_url <- function(url_in,t=2){
con <- url(url_in)
check <- suppressWarnings(try(open.connection(con,open="rt",timeout=t),silent=T)[1])
suppressWarnings(try(close.connection(con),silent=T))
ifelse(is.null(check),TRUE,FALSE)
}
sapply(urls,valid_url)
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