按行连接的条形图/如何连接在R/ggplot2中使用grid.arrange排列的两个图形

Question

在Facebook研究中,我发现这些漂亮的条形图通过线条连接来表示等级变化:

https://research.fb.com/do-jobs-run-in-families/

我想用ggplot2创建它们.条形图部分很简单:

library(ggplot2)
library(ggpubr)
state1 <- data.frame(state=c(rep("ALABAMA",3), rep("CALIFORNIA",3)), 
                 value=c(61,94,27,10,30,77), 
                 type=rep(c("state","local","fed"),2),
                 cumSum=c(rep(182,3), rep(117,3)))
state2 <- data.frame(state=c(rep("ALABAMA",3), rep("CALIFORNIA",3)), 
                 value=c(10,30,7,61,94,27), 
                 type=rep(c("state","local","fed"),2),
                 cumSum=c(rep(117,3), rep(182,3)))
fill <- c("#40b8d0", "#b2d183", "#F9756D")

p1 <- ggplot(data = state1) +
  geom_bar(aes(x = reorder(state, value), y = value, fill = type), stat="identity") +
  theme_bw() + 
  scale_fill_manual(values=fill) + 
  labs(x="", y="Total budget in 1M$") +
  theme(legend.position="none", 
        legend.direction="horizontal", 
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(size=1, colour = "black"),
        panel.grid.major = element_blank(), 
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_blank(), panel.background = element_blank()) +
  coord_flip() 

p2 <- ggplot(data = state2) +
  geom_bar(aes(x = reorder(state, value), y = value, fill = type), stat="identity") +
  theme_bw() + 
  scale_fill_manual(values=fill) + labs(x="", y="Total budget in 1M$") +
  theme(legend.position="none", 
        legend.direction="horizontal", 
        legend.title = element_blank(),
        axis.line = element_line(size=1, colour = "black"),
        panel.grid.major = element_blank(), 
        panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
        panel.border = element_blank(), 
        panel.background = element_blank()) +
  scale_x_discrete(position = "top") + 
  scale_y_reverse() +
  coord_flip()

p3 <- ggarrange(p1, p2, common.legend = TRUE, legend = "bottom")

但我无法想出线路部分的解决方案.在例如左侧添加行时

p3 + geom_segment(aes(x = rep(1:2, each=3), xend = rep(1:10, each=3), 
                   y = cumSum[order(cumSum)], yend=cumSum[order(cumSum)]+10), size = 1.2)

问题是线条无法越过右侧.它看起来像这样:

基本上,我想连接左边的'California'酒吧和右边的Caifornia酒吧.

为此,我想,我必须以某种方式访问​​图表的上级.我查看了视口,并且能够使用geom_segment制作的图表覆盖两个条形图,但后来我无法找到正确的线条布局:

subplot <- ggplot(data = state1) + 
  geom_segment(aes(x = rep(1:2, each=3), xend = rep(1:2, each=3), 
                   y = cumSum[order(cumSum)], yend =cumSum[order(cumSum)]+10), 
               size = 1.2)

vp <- viewport(width = 1, height = 1, x = 1, y = unit(0.7, "lines"), 
               just ="right", "bottom"))
print(p3)
print(subplot, vp = vp)

非常感谢帮助或指针.

Answer 1

这是一个非常有趣的问题.我使用patchwork库来近似它,它允许你将ggplots 添加到一起并为你提供一种简单的方法来控制它们的布局 - 我更喜欢它做任何grid.arrange基于任何事情的东西,而对于某些事情它更好地工作cowplot.

我扩展了数据集只是为了在两个数据框中获得更多的值.

library(tidyverse)
library(patchwork)

set.seed(1017)

state1 <- data_frame(
  state = rep(state.name[1:5], each = 3),
  value = floor(runif(15, 1, 100)),
  type = rep(c("state", "local", "fed"), times = 5)
)

state2 <- data_frame(
  state = rep(state.name[1:5], each = 3),
  value = floor(runif(15, 1, 100)),
  type = rep(c("state", "local", "fed"), times = 5)
)

然后我创建了一个数据框,根据原始数据框(state1或state2)中的其他值为每个状态分配排名.

ranks <- bind_rows(
  state1 %>% mutate(position = 1),
  state2 %>% mutate(position = 2)
)  %>%
  group_by(position, state) %>%
  summarise(state_total = sum(value)) %>%
  mutate(rank = dense_rank(state_total)) %>%
  ungroup()

我做了一个快速的主题,以保持非常小的东西和下降轴标记:

theme_min <- function(...) theme_minimal(...) +
  theme(panel.grid = element_blank(), legend.position = "none", axis.title = element_blank())

凹凸图表(中间凹凸图表)基于ranks数据框,没有标签.使用因子而不是数值变量来获得位置和等级,这让我对间距有了更多的控制,并让等级与离散的1到5值对齐,其方式与条形图中的状态名称相匹配.

p_ranks <- ggplot(ranks, aes(x = as.factor(position), y = as.factor(rank), group = state)) +
  geom_path() +
  scale_x_discrete(breaks = NULL, expand = expand_scale(add = 0.1)) +
  scale_y_discrete(breaks = NULL) +
  theme_min()
p_ranks

对于左侧条形图,我按值对状态进行排序,将值为负,将其指向左侧,然后为其指定相同的最小主题:

p_left <- state1 %>%
  mutate(state = as.factor(state) %>% fct_reorder(value, sum)) %>%
  arrange(state) %>%
  mutate(value = value * -1) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = state, y = value, fill = type)) +
    geom_col(position = "stack") +
    coord_flip() +
    scale_y_continuous(breaks = NULL) +
    theme_min() +
    scale_fill_brewer()
p_left

右边的条形图几乎是一样的,除了值保持正值,我将x轴移动到顶部(当我翻转坐标时变为右边):

p_right <- state2 %>%
  mutate(state = as.factor(state) %>% fct_reorder(value, sum)) %>%
  arrange(state) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = state, y = value, fill = type)) +
    geom_col(position = "stack") +
    coord_flip() +
    scale_x_discrete(position = "top") +
    scale_y_continuous(breaks = NULL) +
    theme_min() +
    scale_fill_brewer()

然后因为我已经加载了patchwork,我可以将这些图添加到一起并指定布局.

p_left + p_ranks + p_right +
  plot_layout(nrow = 1)

您可能需要更多地调整间距和边距,例如expand_scale使用凹凸图表调用.我没有试过这个沿着y轴的轴标记(即翻转后的底部),但是我觉得如果不在排列中添加虚拟轴,事情可能会被抛出.还有很多东西要搞乱,但这是你提出的一个很酷的可视化项目!

Answer 2

这是一个纯ggplot2解决方案，它将基础数据帧组合为一个并在单个图中绘制所有内容：

数据处理：

library(dplyr)    
bar.width <- 0.9

# combine the two data sources
df <- rbind(state1 %>% mutate(source = "state1"),
            state2 %>% mutate(source = "state2")) %>%

  # calculate each state's rank within each data source
  group_by(source, state) %>%
  mutate(state.sum = sum(value)) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  group_by(source) %>%
  mutate(source.rank = as.integer(factor(state.sum))) %>%
  ungroup() %>%

  # calculate the dimensions for each bar
  group_by(source, state) %>%
  arrange(type) %>% 
  mutate(xmin = lag(cumsum(value), default = 0),
         xmax = cumsum(value),
         ymin = source.rank - bar.width / 2,
         ymax = source.rank + bar.width / 2) %>% 
  ungroup() %>%

  # shift each data source's coordinates away from point of origin,
  # in order to create space for plotting lines
  mutate(x = ifelse(source == "state1", -max(xmax) / 2, max(xmax) / 2)) %>%
  mutate(xmin = ifelse(source == "state1", x - xmin, x + xmin),
         xmax = ifelse(source == "state1", x - xmax, x + xmax)) %>%

  # calculate label position for each data source
  group_by(source) %>%
  mutate(label.x = max(abs(xmax))) %>%
  ungroup() %>%
  mutate(label.x = ifelse(source == "state1", -label.x, label.x),
         hjust = ifelse(source == "state1", 1.1, -0.1))

情节：

ggplot(df, 
       aes(x = x, y = source.rank,
           xmin = xmin, xmax = xmax, 
           ymin = ymin, ymax = ymax,
           fill = type)) +
  geom_rect() +
  geom_line(aes(group = state)) +
  geom_text(aes(x = label.x, label = state, hjust = hjust),
            check_overlap = TRUE) +

  # allow some space for the labels; this may be changed
  # depending on plot dimensions
  scale_x_continuous(expand = c(0.2, 0)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = fill) +

  theme_void() +
  theme(legend.position = "top")

数据源（与@camille相同）：

set.seed(1017)

state1 <- data_frame(
  state = rep(state.name[1:5], each = 3),
  value = floor(runif(15, 1, 100)),
  type = rep(c("state", "local", "fed"), times = 5)
)

state2 <- data_frame(
  state = rep(state.name[1:5], each = 3),
  value = floor(runif(15, 1, 100)),
  type = rep(c("state", "local", "fed"), times = 5)
)