无法理解 [Errno 111] 连接被拒绝

Question

我确定这是一个非常简单的问题（HTTP 新手），但我自己找不到答案。我很感激这里的任何帮助。

我有一个网络服务器：

serversocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
serversocket.bind((socket.gethostname(), 8000))
serversocket.listen(10)

while True:
    print("waiting...")
    conn = serversocket.accept()
    data = conn[0].recv(1024)
    print(data) 

我还有一个客户端尝试发送GET请求：

import requests 
URL = "http://localhost:8000/api/v1/a?b=2"
r = requests.get(url = URL)

在这个阶段我不想对请求做任何事情，只是为了确保我收到它，但这失败了......

我跑：

• python3 server.py &
• python3 client.py

并得到：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 562, in urlopen
    body=body, headers=headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 387, in _make_request
    conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 1088, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 1126, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 1084, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 922, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 857, in send
    self.connect()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line 834, in connect
    self.timeout, self.source_address)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line 512, in create_connection
    raise err
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line 503, in create_connection
    sock.connect(sa)
ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 330, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 612, in urlopen
    raise MaxRetryError(self, url, e)
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=8000): Max retries exceeded with url: /api/v1/similar?word=apple (Caused by <class 'ConnectionRefusedError'>: [Errno 111] Connection refused)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "client.py", line 5, in <module>
    r = requests.get(url = URL)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/api.py", line 55, in get
    return request('get', url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/api.py", line 44, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 455, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/sessions.py", line 558, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/requests/adapters.py", line 378, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPConnectionPool(host='localhost', port=8000): Max retries exceeded with url: /api/v1/similar?word=apple (Caused by <class 'ConnectionRefusedError'>: [Errno 111] Connection refused)

Answer 1

Connection refused由内核产生，因为接收端拒绝建立 TCP 连接。可能的原因有：

1. 不监听此主机/端口
2. iptables（或其他防火墙）特别-j REJECT是那些连接。

从您的代码很难说您是否在正确的主机/端口上收听。

如何调试？

1. 运行你的服务。不连接到它运行'netstat -lnpt'，它应该为您提供在该主机上侦听的服务列表。
2. 尝试nc host port（注意 - 不是':'，而是这里的空格），如果连接被拒绝，nc 将立即终止。如果没有，您已经建立了连接（在这种情况下尝试键入“GET / HTTP/1.1”并输入两次）。
3. 只需在代码中打印socket.gethostname()和port变量的输出。

我怀疑在你的情况下socket.gethostname()已经解决了与localhost.