如何在Java EE和Spring Boot中热重新加载属性?

Dav*_*ann 11 spring properties java-ee spring-boot

我想到了许多内部解决方案.就像在数据库中拥有属性并每隔N秒轮询它一样.然后还要检查.properties文件的时间戳修改并重新加载它.

但我正在研究Java EE标准和Spring引导文档,我似乎无法找到一些最好的方法.

我需要我的应用程序来读取属性文件(或环境变量或数据库参数),然后才能重新读取它们.生产中使用的最佳实践是什么?

一个正确的答案至少可以解决一个场景(Spring Boot或Java EE)并提供一个关于如何使其在另一个场景上工作的概念线索

Dav*_*ann 8

经过进一步研究,必须仔细考虑重载特性。例如,在Spring中,我们可以重新加载属性的“当前”值没有太大问题。但。基于application.properties文件中存在的值(例如,数据源,连接池,队列等)在上下文初始化时初始化资源时,必须格外小心。

注意

用于Spring和Java EE的抽象类不是干净代码的最佳示例。但是它易于使用,并且确实满足了以下基本初始要求:

  • 除Java 8类外,不使用任何外部库。
  • 仅一个文件即可解决问题(Java EE版本约为160行)。
  • 文件系统中提供的标准Java属性UTF-8编码文件的使用。
  • 支持加密的属性。

对于春季靴

这段代码有助于在不使用Spring Cloud Config服务器的情况下热重载application.properties文件(在某些情况下可能过大)

您可以只复制并粘贴此抽象类(SO goodies:D),这是从该SO答案派生代码

// imports from java/spring/lombok
public abstract class ReloadableProperties {

  @Autowired
  protected StandardEnvironment environment;
  private long lastModTime = 0L;
  private Path configPath = null;
  private PropertySource<?> appConfigPropertySource = null;

  @PostConstruct
  private void stopIfProblemsCreatingContext() {
    System.out.println("reloading");
    MutablePropertySources propertySources = environment.getPropertySources();
    Optional<PropertySource<?>> appConfigPsOp =
        StreamSupport.stream(propertySources.spliterator(), false)
            .filter(ps -> ps.getName().matches("^.*applicationConfig.*file:.*$"))
            .findFirst();
    if (!appConfigPsOp.isPresent())  {
      // this will stop context initialization 
      // (i.e. kill the spring boot program before it initializes)
      throw new RuntimeException("Unable to find property Source as file");
    }
    appConfigPropertySource = appConfigPsOp.get();

    String filename = appConfigPropertySource.getName();
    filename = filename
        .replace("applicationConfig: [file:", "")
        .replaceAll("\\]$", "");

    configPath = Paths.get(filename);

  }

  @Scheduled(fixedRate=2000)
  private void reload() throws IOException {
      System.out.println("reloading...");
      long currentModTs = Files.getLastModifiedTime(configPath).toMillis();
      if (currentModTs > lastModTime) {
        lastModTime = currentModTs;
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        @Cleanup InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(configPath);
        properties.load(inputStream);
        environment.getPropertySources()
            .replace(
                appConfigPropertySource.getName(),
                new PropertiesPropertySource(
                    appConfigPropertySource.getName(),
                    properties
                )
            );
        System.out.println("Reloaded.");
        propertiesReloaded();
      }
    }

    protected abstract void propertiesReloaded();
}
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然后,创建一个bean类,该类允许从使用抽象类的applicatoin.properties中检索属性值

@Component
public class AppProperties extends ReloadableProperties {

    public String dynamicProperty() {
        return environment.getProperty("dynamic.prop");
    }
    public String anotherDynamicProperty() {
        return environment.getProperty("another.dynamic.prop");    
    }
    @Override
    protected void propertiesReloaded() {
        // do something after a change in property values was done
    }
}
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确保将@EnableScheduling添加到您的@SpringBootApplication中

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableScheduling
public class MainApp  {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(MainApp.class, args);
   }
}
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现在,您可以在需要的地方自动装配AppProperties Bean。只需确保始终调用其中的方法,而不是将其值保存在变量中即可。并确保重新配置任何使用可能具有不同属性值初始化的资源或bean。

目前,我仅使用外部默认找到的./config/application.properties文件对此进行了测试。

对于Java EE

我做了一个普通的Java SE抽象类来完成这项工作。

您可以复制并粘贴以下内容:

// imports from java.* and javax.crypto.*
public abstract class ReloadableProperties {

  private volatile Properties properties = null;
  private volatile String propertiesPassword = null;
  private volatile long lastModTimeOfFile = 0L;
  private volatile long lastTimeChecked = 0L;
  private volatile Path propertyFileAddress;

  abstract protected void propertiesUpdated();

  public class DynProp {
    private final String propertyName;
    public DynProp(String propertyName) {
      this.propertyName = propertyName;
    }
    public String val() {
      try {
        return ReloadableProperties.this.getString(propertyName);
      } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException(e);
      }
    }
  }

  protected void init(Path path) {
    this.propertyFileAddress = path;
    initOrReloadIfNeeded();
  }

  private synchronized void initOrReloadIfNeeded() {
    boolean firstTime = lastModTimeOfFile == 0L;
    long currentTs = System.currentTimeMillis();

    if ((lastTimeChecked + 3000) > currentTs)
      return;

    try {

      File fa = propertyFileAddress.toFile();
      long currModTime = fa.lastModified();
      if (currModTime > lastModTimeOfFile) {
        lastModTimeOfFile = currModTime;
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(fa), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(isr);
        properties = prop;
        isr.close();
        File passwordFiles = new File(fa.getAbsolutePath() + ".key");
        if (passwordFiles.exists()) {
          byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(passwordFiles.toPath());
          propertiesPassword = new String(bytes,StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
          propertiesPassword = propertiesPassword.trim();
          propertiesPassword = propertiesPassword.replaceAll("(\\r|\\n)", "");
        }
      }

      updateProperties();

      if (!firstTime)
        propertiesUpdated();

    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

  private void updateProperties() {
    List<DynProp> dynProps = Arrays.asList(this.getClass().getDeclaredFields())
        .stream()
        .filter(f -> f.getType().isAssignableFrom(DynProp.class))
        .map(f-> fromField(f))
        .collect(Collectors.toList());

    for (DynProp dp :dynProps) {
      if (!properties.containsKey(dp.propertyName)) {
        System.out.println("propertyName: "+ dp.propertyName + " does not exist in property file");
      }
    }

    for (Object key : properties.keySet()) {
      if (!dynProps.stream().anyMatch(dp->dp.propertyName.equals(key.toString()))) {
        System.out.println("property in file is not used in application: "+ key);
      }
    }

  }

  private DynProp fromField(Field f) {
    try {
      return (DynProp) f.get(this);
    } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return null;
  }

  protected String getString(String param) throws Exception {
    initOrReloadIfNeeded();
    String value = properties.getProperty(param);
    if (value.startsWith("ENC(")) {
      String cipheredText = value
          .replace("ENC(", "")
          .replaceAll("\\)$", "");
      value =  decrypt(cipheredText, propertiesPassword);
    }
    return value;
  }

  public static String encrypt(String plainText, String key)
      throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidKeySpecException {
    SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
    byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
    SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
    KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(key.toCharArray(), new byte[]{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}, 65536, 128);
    SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
    SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");
    byte[] iv = new byte[12];
    secureRandom.nextBytes(iv);
    final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/GCM/NoPadding");
    GCMParameterSpec parameterSpec = new GCMParameterSpec(128, iv); //128 bit auth tag length
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, parameterSpec);
    byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(plainText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4 + iv.length + cipherText.length);
    byteBuffer.putInt(iv.length);
    byteBuffer.put(iv);
    byteBuffer.put(cipherText);
    byte[] cipherMessage = byteBuffer.array();
    String cyphertext = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipherMessage);
    return cyphertext;
  }
  public static String decrypt(String cypherText, String key)
      throws NoSuchPaddingException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException, InvalidKeyException, BadPaddingException, IllegalBlockSizeException, InvalidKeySpecException {
    byte[] cipherMessage = Base64.getDecoder().decode(cypherText);
    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(cipherMessage);
    int ivLength = byteBuffer.getInt();
    if(ivLength < 12 || ivLength >= 16) { // check input parameter
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid iv length");
    }
    byte[] iv = new byte[ivLength];
    byteBuffer.get(iv);
    byte[] cipherText = new byte[byteBuffer.remaining()];
    byteBuffer.get(cipherText);
    byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
    final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/GCM/NoPadding");
    SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
    KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(key.toCharArray(), new byte[]{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7}, 65536, 128);
    SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
    SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");
    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey, new GCMParameterSpec(128, iv));
    byte[] plainText= cipher.doFinal(cipherText);
    String plain = new String(plainText, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    return plain;
  }
}
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然后,您可以通过以下方式使用它:

public class AppProperties extends ReloadableProperties {

  public static final AppProperties INSTANCE; static {
    INSTANCE = new AppProperties();
    INSTANCE.init(Paths.get("application.properties"));
  }


  @Override
  protected void propertiesUpdated() {
    // run code every time a property is updated
  }

  public final DynProp wsUrl = new DynProp("ws.url");
  public final DynProp hiddenText = new DynProp("hidden.text");

}
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如果要使用编码的属性,可以将其值括在ENC()中,然后将在属性文件的相同路径和名称中搜索解密密码,并添加.key扩展名。在此示例中,它将在application.properties.key文件中寻找密码。

application.properties->

ws.url=http://some webside
hidden.text=ENC(AAAADCzaasd9g61MI4l5sbCXrFNaQfQrgkxygNmFa3UuB9Y+YzRuBGYj+A==)
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aplication.properties.key->

password aca
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对于Java EE解决方案的属性值的加密,我查阅了Patrick Favre-Bulle的出色文章,内容涉及Java和Android中的AES对称加密。然后在关于AES / GCM / NoPadding的 SO问题中检查了密码,块模式和填充。最后,我使AES位源自@erickson的密码中的一个很好的答案,关于AES基于密码的加密。关于Spring中的值属性加密,我认为它们与Java简化加密集成在一起

是否可以将此视为最佳做法,否则可能不在范围之内。该答案显示了如何在Spring Boot和Java EE中具有可重载的属性。


Bor*_*ris 5

可以通过使用Spring Cloud Config Server刷新作用域客户端来实现此功能。

服务器

服务器(Spring Boot应用程序)为存储在Git存储库中的配置提供服务:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServer {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ConfigServer.class, args);
  }
}
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application.yml:

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        git:
          uri: git-repository-url-which-stores-configuration.git
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配置文件configuration-client.properties(在Git存储库中):

configuration.value=Old
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客户

客户端(Spring Boot应用程序)使用@RefreshScope批注从配置服务器读取配置:

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class ConfigServer {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(ConfigServer.class, args);
  }
}
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bootstrap.yml:

spring:
  application:
    name: configuration-client
  cloud:
    config:
      uri: configuration-server-url
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当Git存储库中的配置发生更改时:

configuration.value=New
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通过向端点发送POST请求来重新加载配置变量/refresh

$ curl -X POST http://client-url/actuator/refresh
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现在您有了新的价值New

另外,如果Fooclass RESTful API更改为RestController并具有相应的endpont,则class可以将值提供给其余应用程序。

  • 我只想在每次更改application.properties文件时就重新加载它,而无需重新启动应用程序。数据库IP或任何其他配置的示例更改。该文件存储在Java Jar旁边的服务器上 (3认同)

Ali*_*nka 5

我使用了@David Hofmann 的概念并进行了一些更改,因为并非一切都很好。首先,在我的情况下,我不需要自动重新加载,我只需调用 REST 控制器来更新属性。第二种情况@David Hofmann 的方法对我来说不适用于外部文件。

现在,此代码可以与来自资源(应用程序内部)和外部位置的application.properties文件一起使用。我放在 jar 附近的外部文件,我在应用程序启动时使用这个 --spring.config.location=app.properties参数。

@Component
public class PropertyReloader { 
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

@Autowired
private StandardEnvironment environment;
private long lastModTime = 0L;
private PropertySource<?> appConfigPropertySource = null;
private Path configPath;
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME = "app.properties";

@PostConstruct
private void createContext() {
    MutablePropertySources propertySources = environment.getPropertySources();
    // first of all we check if application started with external file
    String property = "applicationConfig: [file:" + PROPERTY_NAME + "]";
    PropertySource<?> appConfigPsOp = propertySources.get(property);
    configPath = Paths.get(PROPERTY_NAME).toAbsolutePath();
    if (appConfigPsOp == null) {
       // if not we check properties file from resources folder
        property = "class path resource [" + PROPERTY_NAME + "]";
        configPath = Paths.get("src/main/resources/" + PROPERTY_NAME).toAbsolutePath();
    }
    appConfigPsOp = propertySources.get(property);
    appConfigPropertySource = appConfigPsOp;
 }
// this method I call into REST cintroller for reloading all properties after change 
//  app.properties file
public void reload() {
    try {
        long currentModTs = Files.getLastModifiedTime(configPath).toMillis();
        if (currentModTs > lastModTime) {
            lastModTime = currentModTs;
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            @Cleanup InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(configPath);
            properties.load(inputStream);
            String property = appConfigPropertySource.getName();
            PropertiesPropertySource updatedProperty = new PropertiesPropertySource(property, properties);
            environment.getPropertySources().replace(property, updatedProperty);
            logger.info("Configs {} were reloaded", property);
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        logger.error("Can't reload config file " + e);
    }
}
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}

我希望我的方法能帮助某人


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