使用.gitignore忽略除特定目录之外的所有内容

Question

我的问题是我的git仓库里有一堆WordPress网站,其中我想有选择地只提交我themes文件夹的内容,而忽略了WordPress中的其余冗余文件.

我之前使用.gitignore文件来忽略文件类型,但它可以反过来使用 - 即忽略一切但是某个文件夹路径？

root(git repo)
- /wordpress
- - /(WordPress Site 1)/ wp-content/themes
- - /(WordPress Site 2)/ wp-content/themes
- - /(WordPress Site 3)/ wp-content/themes

谢谢-

更新:

根据答案我做了以下,但它不起作用.有任何想法吗？

# Ignore everything:
*
# Except for wordpress themes:
!*/wp-content/themes/*

我也尝试了以下变化:

!*/wp-content/themes*
!*wp-content/themes/*
!wp-content/themes/*
!/wordpress/*/wp-content/themes*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes*

这些都没有读取我的themes文件夹.

Answer 1

这就是我做的方式 - 你基本上必须走上路径,你不能在任何方向上通过多个级别:

# Ignore everything:
*

# Except for the themes directories:

!wordpress/
!wordpress/*/
!wordpress/*/wp-content/
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*/*/*
!wordpress/*/wp-content/themes/*/*/*/*/*

请注意您必须明确允许要包含的每个级别的内容.因此,如果我在主题下有5个子目录,我仍然需要拼写出来.

这只是它对我有用的方式.如果有人愿意通过各种方式提供更明智的解释.

此外,这些答案很有帮助:
怎么做 - 否定 - 模式 - 在gitignore工作
怎么办-gitignore-exclusion-rules-actual-work

注意:我尝试使用双通配符'globs'但根据此功能是系统相关的,它在我的mac上不起作用:

不工作:

!**/wp-content/themes/
!**/wp-content/themes/**

Answer 2

我尝试了上述内容,但效果并不好.一个更好的方法如下:https://gist.github.com/444295

# This is a template .gitignore file for git-managed WordPress projects.
#
# Fact: you don't want WordPress core files, or your server-specific
# configuration files etc., in your project's repository. You just don't.
#
# Solution: stick this file up your repository root (which it assumes is
# also the WordPress root directory) and add exceptions for any plugins,
# themes, and other directories that should be under version control.
#
# See the comments below for more info on how to add exceptions for your
# content. Or see git's documentation for more info on .gitignore files:
# http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/gitignore.html

# Ignore everything in the root except the "wp-content" directory.
/*
!.gitignore
!wp-content/

# Ignore everything in the "wp-content" directory, except the "plugins"
# and "themes" directories.
wp-content/*
!wp-content/plugins/
!wp-content/themes/

# Ignore everything in the "plugins" directory, except the plugins you
# specify (see the commented-out examples for hints on how to do this.)
wp-content/plugins/*
# !wp-content/plugins/my-single-file-plugin.php
# !wp-content/plugins/my-directory-plugin/

# Ignore everything in the "themes" directory, except the themes you
# specify (see the commented-out example for a hint on how to do this.)
wp-content/themes/*
# !wp-content/themes/my-theme/

Answer 3

修改第一行

*

改为

/*

Answer 4

试试这些答案:

Make .gitignore会忽略除少数文件之外的所有内容

# Ignore everything
*

# But not these files...
!.gitignore
!script.pl
!template.latex
# etc...

# ...even if they are in subdirectories
!*/

我如何告诉Git忽略除子目录之外的所有内容？

这将忽略根文件和根目录,然后取消忽略根bin目录:

/*
/*/
!/bin/

这样您就可以获得所有bin目录,包括子目录及其文件.

Answer 5

如果为带有感叹号(!)的模式添加前缀,则会取消先前排除它的模式.所以,大概你可以忽略一切,然后只使用这个模式允许你想要的东西.

Answer 6

假设你有一个这样的目录结构：

– sites
– -all
– – – -files
– – – – – -private
– – – – – – – -newspilot
– -default
– – – -files
– – – – – -private
– – – – – – – -newspilot

当您只想允许 sites/all/files/private/newspilot和sites/default/files/private/newspilot 时，您可以首先尝试以下操作：

sites/*/files/*
!sites/*/files/private/newspilot

这是错误的！gitignore 的棘手之处在于，您必须首先允许包含父目录（“私有”），然后才能允许其子目录（“newspilot”）包含在提交中。

sites/*/files/*
!sites/*/files/private
sites/*/files/private/*
!sites/*/files/private/newspilot

http://www.christianengvall.se/gitignore-exclude-folder-but-include-a-subfolder/

Answer 7

亚林的答案对我有用，这是我的版本（我不需要子目录/wordpress）：

*

!.gitignore
!/wp-content/
!/wp-content/themes/
!/wp-content/themes/*
!/wp-content/themes/*/*
!/wp-content/themes/*/*/*
!/wp-content/themes/*/*/*/*
!/wp-content/themes/*/*/*/*/*

# I don't want to track this one, so it's included here, after the negated patterns. 
wp-content/themes/index.php

Answer 8

即使在多次回到这个问题之后，我也总是被困在某个地方。我想出了一个详细的过程，一步一步来：

首先只是用于git add添加实际内容。

它将显示添加到索引中的相关文件，而所有其他文件仍未被跟踪。这有助于.gitignore逐步构建。

$ git add wp-content/themes/my-theme/*
$ git status

    Changes to be committed:
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/index.php
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/style.css

    Untracked files:
        wp-admin/
        wp-content/plugins/
        wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/
        wp-content/themes/twentytwelve/
        ...
        wp-includes/
        ...

DUMMY.TXT在您的目录中添加一个临时文件：

$ git status

    Changes to be committed:
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/index.php
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/style.css

    Untracked files:
        wp-admin/
        wp-content/plugins/
        wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/
        wp-content/themes/twentytwelve/
        ...
        wp-content/themes/my-theme/DUMMY.TXT  <<<
        ...
        wp-includes/
        ...

我们现在的目标是构建规则，DUMMY.TXT以便在我们完成后，这是唯一一个仍然显示为 Untracked的规则。

开始添加规则：

.gitignore

/*

第一个就是忽略一切。未跟踪的文件应该全部消失，只有索引的文件应该显示：

$ git status

    Changes to be committed:
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/index.php
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/style.css

添加路径中的第一个目录 wp-content

/*
!/wp-content

现在 Untracked 文件将再次显示，但只有 havewp-content的内容

$ git status

    Changes to be committed:
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/index.php
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/style.css

    Untracked files:
        wp-content/plugins/
        wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/
        wp-content/themes/twentytwelve/
        ..

忽略第一个目录中的所有内容/wp-content/*并取消忽略!/wp-content/themes

/*
!/wp-content

/wp-content/*
!/wp-content/themes

现在未跟踪的文件将进一步缩小到仅 wp-content/themes

$ git status

    Changes to be committed:
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/index.php
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/style.css

    Untracked files:
        wp-content/themes/twentyeleven/
        wp-content/themes/twentytwelve/
        ..

重复该过程，直到该虚拟文件成为唯一一个仍显示为 Untracked 的文件：

/*
!/wp-content

/wp-content/*
!/wp-content/themes

/wp-content/themes/*
!/wp-content/themes/my-theme

$ git status

    Changes to be committed:
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/index.php
        new file:   wp-content/themes/my-theme/style.css

    Untracked files:
        wp-content/themes/my-theme/DUMMY.TXT

Answer 9

我需要忽略所有内容，但不要忽略一个包含子目录的文件夹。

对我来说，这有效

# Ignore everything
/*

# Not these directories
!folder/

# Not these files
!.gitignore
!.env
!file.txt

Answer 10

在多次需要此之后，我终于找到了解决方案 [1]：

/*/
/*.*
!.git*
!/wordpress

逐行解释：

1. 忽略根目录下的所有目录。
2. 忽略所有以根为扩展名的文件。
3. 允许.gitignore自己（和可能.gitattributes）。
4. 允许包含所有子目录的所需目录

[1]限制（我知道）：

1. 它不会忽略根目录没有扩展名的文件（添加/*会破坏整个方案）。
2. 您要包含在第 4 行中的目录（wordpress在本例中）不能包含.在名称中（例如wordpress.1不起作用）。如果它确实有.，则删除第 2 行并找到另一种方法来排除根目录下的所有文件。
3. 仅在 Windows 上测试过 git version 2.17.1.windows.2

Answer 11

另一个简单的解决方案：

您想要忽略所有 Wordpress 文件，但不是您的主题（例如）。

.gitignore，内容是：

# All wordpress + content of revert ignored directories
wordpress/*
wordpress/wp-content/*
wordpress/wp-content/themes/*

# Revert ignoring directories
!wordpress/
!wordpress/wp-content/
!wordpress/wp-content/themes/
!wordpress/wp-content/themes/my_theme

在此示例中，如果.gitignore位于WordPress 根目录中，则可以删除WordPress

您可以对您想要“特别”保留在 gitignored 文件夹/文件之外的每个文件夹和内容执行完全相同的操作

结论 ：

确保取消忽略要取消忽略的路径的所有目录

但

请务必忽略您想要忽略的未忽略目录的所有内容