python中高效的在线线性回归算法

Question

我得到了一个包含两列x和y. 我想在新数据输入时动态获取线性回归系数和拦截。使用 scikit-learn 我可以像这样计算所有当前可用的数据：

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
regr = LinearRegression()
x = np.arange(100)
y = np.arange(100)+10*np.random.random_sample((100,))
regr.fit(x,y)
print(regr.coef_)
print(regr.intercept_)

但是，我得到了相当大的数据集（总共超过 10k 行），我想在有新行进入时尽快计算系数和拦截。目前计算 10k 行大约需要 600 微秒，我想加速这个过程.

Scikit-learn 看起来没有线性回归模块的在线更新功能。有没有更好的方法来做到这一点？

Answer 1

我从这篇论文中找到了解决方案：更新简单线性回归。实现如下：

def lr(x_avg,y_avg,Sxy,Sx,n,new_x,new_y):
    """
    x_avg: average of previous x, if no previous sample, set to 0
    y_avg: average of previous y, if no previous sample, set to 0
    Sxy: covariance of previous x and y, if no previous sample, set to 0
    Sx: variance of previous x, if no previous sample, set to 0
    n: number of previous samples
    new_x: new incoming 1-D numpy array x
    new_y: new incoming 1-D numpy array x
    """
    new_n = n + len(new_x)

    new_x_avg = (x_avg*n + np.sum(new_x))/new_n
    new_y_avg = (y_avg*n + np.sum(new_y))/new_n

    if n > 0:
        x_star = (x_avg*np.sqrt(n) + new_x_avg*np.sqrt(new_n))/(np.sqrt(n)+np.sqrt(new_n))
        y_star = (y_avg*np.sqrt(n) + new_y_avg*np.sqrt(new_n))/(np.sqrt(n)+np.sqrt(new_n))
    elif n == 0:
        x_star = new_x_avg
        y_star = new_y_avg
    else:
        raise ValueError

    new_Sx = Sx + np.sum((new_x-x_star)**2)
    new_Sxy = Sxy + np.sum((new_x-x_star).reshape(-1) * (new_y-y_star).reshape(-1))

    beta = new_Sxy/new_Sx
    alpha = new_y_avg - beta * new_x_avg
    return new_Sxy, new_Sx, new_n, alpha, beta, new_x_avg, new_y_avg

性能对比：

总共计算 10k 个样本的 Scikit 学习版本。

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
x = np.arange(10000).reshape(-1,1)
y = np.arange(10000)+100*np.random.random_sample((10000,))
regr = LinearRegression()
%timeit regr.fit(x,y)
# 419 µs ± 14.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

我的版本假设已经计算了 9k 样本：

Sxy, Sx, n, alpha, beta, new_x_avg, new_y_avg = lr(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, x.reshape(-1,1)[:9000], y[:9000])
new_x, new_y = x.reshape(-1,1)[9000:], y[9000:]
%timeit lr(new_x_avg, new_y_avg, Sxy,Sx,n,new_x, new_y)
# 38.7 µs ± 1.31 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

快 10 倍，这是预期的。