将变量从 .py 传递到 .kv 文件

Question

我正在尝试使用从 python 文件到.kv文件的变量，所以我搜索了类似的问题并找到了使用Property和编码的方式：

# in python file
class Test2App(App):
    abcd = StringProperty('test')
    def build(self):
        return presentation

# in kv file
<MyButton@Button>:
    text: "contents (%s)"%(app.abcd)

    background_color: (255, 255, 255,1)`

并出现错误。

 AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'bind'
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 249, in create_handler
     return eval(value, idmap), bound_list
   File "/root/Desktop/hi/t2.kv", line 61, in <module>
     text: "contents (%s)"%(app.abcd)
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang/parser.py", line 75, in __getattribute__
     object.__getattribute__(self, '_ensure_app')()
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang/parser.py", line 70, in _ensure_app
     app.bind(on_stop=lambda instance:

   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 615, in _apply_rule
     rctx['ids'])
   File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 254, in create_handler
     cause=tb)

t2.py

#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__version__ = "1.0"

import kivy
import os
kivy.require('1.10.0')
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.button import Button
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.uix.label import Label
from kivy.animation import Animation
from kivy.clock import Clock
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
#from kivy.config import Config #windows size fixed
#Config.set('graphics', 'resizable', 0)
from kivy.core.window import Window 
Window.size = (540, 960)
#Window.size = (1080, 1920) 
##########FOR BUS INFORMATION UPDATE#############
from urllib import urlencode, quote_plus
from urllib2 import Request as RQ
from urllib2 import urlopen as UO
import urllib
import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
import os
import datetime


def oopath(ndid, uor):
    path = os.path.join(ndid + '.txt')
    return path

##############################################################################################################

class StationTest(Screen):

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super(StationTest, self).__init__(**kwargs)

    oo = oopath('TESTTEST', 0) 
    self.rpandgv(oo)

    def rpandgv(self,path): 
    with open(path) as businfo:
        Businfo= [] 
        nolinenum=businfo.readline()
        while nolinenum!='': 
        Businfo.append(nolinenum)
        leftstations = (businfo.readline().rstrip('\n') + ' stations'.rstrip('\n'))
        lefttime = (businfo.readline().rstrip('\n') + ' seconds'.rstrip('\n'))
        nolinenum = businfo.readline().rstrip('\n')
        Businfo.append(leftstations)
        Businfo.append(lefttime)
        self.businfolist = Businfo
        self.lenbil = int(len(Businfo))
        self.numberoflist = int(len(Businfo)/3)




class ScreenManagement(ScreenManager):
    pass

presentation = Builder.load_file("t2.kv")

class Test2App(App):
    abcd = StringProperty('test')
    def build(self):
        return presentation


Test2App().run()

t2.kv

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#:import NoTransition kivy.uix.screenmanager.NoTransition
#:import SlideTransition kivy.uix.screenmanager.SlideTransition
#:import Label kivy.uix.button.Label

ScreenManagement:
    transition: SlideTransition(direction='left')
    StationTest:

<StationTest>: 
    name: 'StationTest'
    canvas:
        Rectangle:
            pos: self.pos
            size: self.size 
            source: 'image/background.png' #backgroundimage
    header: _header
    ScrollView:
        FloatLayout:
            size_hint_y: None
            height: 500
            BoxLayout:
                id: _header
                orientation: 'vertical'
                size_hint: 1, 0.10
                pos_hint: {'top': 1.0}
                anchor: _anchor
                canvas:
                    Color:              
                        rgba: 0.8, 0.6, 0.4, 1.0
                    Rectangle:
                        pos: self.pos
                        size: self.size
                Label:
                    text: "STATION > STATION"
                    font_size: 40
                BoxLayout
                    id: _anchor
                    size_hint_y: 0.3
                    canvas.before:
                        Color:              
                            rgba: 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0
                        Rectangle:
                            pos: self.pos
                            size: self.size
                    Label:
                        text: "TEST1234"

            BoxLayout:
                orientation: 'vertical'
                size_hint: 1, 0.35
                padding: 0, -200, 0, 0
                MyButton:
                MyButton:
                MyButton:
                MyButton:



<MyButton@Button>:
    text: "contents (%s)"%(app.abcd)

    background_color: (255, 255, 255,1)

Answer 1

这个问题有两种解决方案。详情请参阅解决方案和示例。

解决方案 1：kv 文件 - 使用 If 语句

变量，abcd是None当KV文件进行解析。添加if...else...语句来解决问题。

片段 - kv 文件

<MyButton@Button>:
    text: "" if app.abcd is None else "contents (%s)"%(app.abcd)

    background_color: (255, 255, 255,1)    # white background color
    color: 0, 0, 0, 1    # black color text

解决方案 2：Python 代码 - 在 build() 方法中初始化

abcd在build()方法中初始化变量。

片段 - Python 代码

class TestApp(App):
    abcd = StringProperty('')

    def build(self):
        self.abcd = 'test'
        return ScreenManagement()

例子

主文件

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager, Screen
from kivy.properties import StringProperty


class StationTest(Screen):
    pass


class ScreenManagement(ScreenManager):
    pass


class TestApp(App):
    abcd = StringProperty('test')

    def build(self):
        return ScreenManagement()


TestApp().run()

测试.kv

#:kivy 1.11.0
#:import SlideTransition kivy.uix.screenmanager.SlideTransition

<ScreenManagement>:
    transition: SlideTransition(direction='left')
    StationTest:

<StationTest>:
    name: 'StationTest'
    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'vertical'
        size_hint: 1, 0.35
        padding: 0, -200, 0, 0
        MyButton:
        MyButton:
        MyButton:
        MyButton:



<MyButton@Button>:
    # text: "" if app.abcd is None else "contents (%s)"%(app.abcd)
    text: "contents (%s)"%(app.abcd)

    background_color: (1, 1, 1, 1)    # white background
    color: 0, 0, 0, 1    # black color text

输出