Autoload file for a simple PHP unit test not working

Question

我正在尝试熟悉 PHPUnit，我遵循了所有说明here("Getting Started with PHPUnit 7")。

我复制/粘贴了这些src/Email.php和tests/EmailTest.php代码源。我的问题是当我尝试运行./phpunit --bootstrap src/autoload.php tests/EmailTest. 文档说我必须创建那个 src/autoload.php，所以我遵循了提到的第一个例子here("Autoloading Classes")：

<?php
// Maybe I do not need this require_once() stuff?
require_once('src/Email.php');
require_once('tests/EmailTest.php');

spl_autoload_register(function ($class_name) {
    include $class_name . '.php';
});

$obj  = new Email('bart.simpson@outlook.com');
$obj2 = new EmailTest(); 
?>

但是当我使用上一个命令进行测试时，我收到此错误消息：

PHP Error:  Call to private Email::__construct() from context 'PHPUnit\Util\FileLoader' in /var/www/html/php_project/src/autoload.php on line 9
PHP Stack trace:
PHP   1. {main}() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit:0
PHP   2. PHPUnit\TextUI\Command::main() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit:53
PHP   3. PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->run() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:159
PHP   4. PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->handleArguments() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:170
PHP   5. PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->handleBootstrap() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:896
PHP   6. PHPUnit\Util\FileLoader::checkAndLoad() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:1035
PHP   7. PHPUnit\Util\FileLoader::load() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Util/FileLoader.php:45
PHP   8. include_once() /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Util/FileLoader.php:57
PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught Error: Call to private Email::__construct() from context 'PHPUnit\Util\FileLoader' in /var/www/html/php_project/src/autoload.php:9
Stack trace:
#0 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Util/FileLoader.php(57): include_once()
#1 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Util/FileLoader.php(45): PHPUnit\Util\FileLoader::load('/var/www/html/p...')
#2 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php(1035): PHPUnit\Util\FileLoader::checkAndLoad('src/autoload.ph...')
#3 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php(896): PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->handleBootstrap('src/autoload.ph...')
#4 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php(170): PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->handleArguments(Array)
#5 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php(159): PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->run(Array, true)
#6 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit(53): PHPUnit\TextUI\Command::main()
#7 {main}
  in /var/www/html/php_project/src/autoload.php on line 9

很久以前用过这样的东西，能不能帮我刷新一下...

PS 鉴于我的设置，我宁愿运行，./vendor/bin/phpunit --bootstrap src/autoload.php tests/EmailTest但这与我目前所写的内容没有区别。

编辑：

按照以下评论，我公开了构造函数并再次运行测试，我收到此错误消息：

PHP Fatal error:  Uncaught PHPUnit\Runner\Exception: Class 'tests/EmailTest' could not be found in 'tests/EmailTest.php'. in /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Runner/StandardTestSuiteLoader.php:99
Stack trace:
#0 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Runner/BaseTestRunner.php(130): PHPUnit\Runner\StandardTestSuiteLoader->load('tests/EmailTest', 'tests/EmailTest...')
#1 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Runner/BaseTestRunner.php(78): PHPUnit\Runner\BaseTestRunner->loadSuiteClass('tests/EmailTest', '')
#2 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php(180): PHPUnit\Runner\BaseTestRunner->getTest('tests/EmailTest', '', Array)
#3 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php(159): PHPUnit\TextUI\Command->run(Array, true)
#4 /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit(53): PHPUnit\TextUI\Command::main()
#5 {main}
  thrown in /var/www/html/php_project/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/Runner/StandardTestSuiteLoader.php on line 99

Answer 1

如果您使用 Composer 安装 PHPUnit，我认为最好也将其用于自动加载，而不要自己费心。

请允许我分享我对 PHP 项目的（有意见的）设置：

• 班级 ./src/
• 测试用例类 ./tests/

composer.json（检查PSR-4而不是classmap在更大的项目中）：

"autoload": {
    "classmap": [
        "src/"
    ]
},
"autoload-dev": {
    "classmap": [
        "tests/"
    ]
},

phpunit.xml（用于保存设置，因此您不必一直在 CLI 中传递它）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<phpunit bootstrap="vendor/autoload.php">
    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Tests">
            <directory suffix="Test.php">./tests</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>
</phpunit>

然后我可以在./vendor/bin/phpunit没有选项的情况下调用它并运行我的所有测试。

添加新类/文件后classmap，可能需要使用它来运行composer dump以重新生成自动加载文件。