zlib TypeError：需要一个类似字节的对象，而不是'str'

Question

我使用此代码来编码和压缩文本。但是它不能正常工作：

Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:\SOUND.py", line 114, in <module>
unhexsring = str(zlib.decompress(unhexsring).encode('utf8'))
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' 

你能帮助我吗？

import zlib,gzip

def str2hex(s):
    return binascii.hexlify(bytes(str.encode(s)))


def hex2str(h):
    return binascii.unhexlify(h)

hexstring = input()
if len(hexstring) > 200:
    hexstring = str(zlib.compress(hexstring.encode('utf-8')))
    print(hexstring)
hexstring = str2hex(hexstring)
ph = str(hexstring.decode('utf-8'))
print(ph)

#decompressing text
unhexsring = hex2str(hexstring).decode('utf8')
if 'x' in str(unhexsring):
    print('compressed')
    unhexsring = str(zlib.decompress(unhexsring).encode('utf8'))
print(unhexsring)

此代码不会解压缩zlib压缩的文本。

因此编码工作良好。

我的麻烦是当我获取编码的字符串并对其进行压缩时，我无法对其进行解压缩。应该如何运作：

1>s = input('some text')
2>if len(s) > 200: s = str(zlib.compress(s.encode('utf-8'))) 
3>encoding it with str2hex()
4>decode it with hex2str()
5>str(zlib.decompress(unhexs).encode('utf8'))  <---------- HERE

而且我无法正确解压缩，因为得到了这个：

下一个控制台转储

Python 3.7.0 (v3.7.0:1bf9cc5093, Jun 27 2018, 04:06:47) [MSC v.1914 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> 
========================= RESTART: E:\SOUND.py =========================
dghlkdushfgkjdsfhglkjhsdfgjhdskfjhgkdsfhgkjdhfgkjsdhfgjkhsdkjfghlkjsdhgkjhsdfjghdksjhgkjsdhgkjhsdfkjghdskfjghkdjghdghlkdushfgkjdsfhglkjhsdfgjhdskfjhgkdsfhgkjdhfgkjsdhfgjkhsdkjfghlkjsdhgkjhsdfjghdksjhgkjsdhgkjhsdfkjghdskfjghkdjghdghlkdushfgkjdsfhglkjhsdfgjhdskfjhgkdsfhgkjdhfgkjsdhfgjkhsdkjfghlkjsdhgkjhsdfjghdksjhgkjsdhgkjhsdfkjghdskfjghkdjghdghlkdushfgkjdsfhglkjhsdfgjhdskfjhgkdsfhgkjdhfgkjsdhfgjkhsdkjfghlkjsdhgkjhsdfjghdksjhgkjsdhgkjhsdfkjghdskfjghkdjgh
b'x\x9c\xed\x8d\xb1\r\xc0@\x08\x03\x97\xb5\xb0e\x7f\x87\xb2\x7f\x9eO\x93\x05\xd2\xa5\x02\x1d>\x0cj\x05W\xab\x18\xa3K\\\xb1\x1aE\x0b\x9d\xb2\x98\x83\xf7\xf5dz\x86\xb3#q\x8d<\x84\x8fc\n\xe9Q^0C\xe7\x13\x15\xcc\xfe7~\xd0x\x03\x88\x05\xbb\x9d'
6227785c7839635c7865645c7838645c7862315c725c786330405c7830385c7830335c7839375c7862355c786230655c7837665c7838375c7862325c7837665c7839654f5c7839335c7830355c7864325c7861355c7830325c7831643e5c7830636a5c783035575c7861625c7831385c7861334b5c5c5c7862315c783161455c7830625c7839645c7862325c7839385c7838335c7866375c786635647a5c7838365c78623323715c7838643c5c7838345c783866635c6e5c786539515e30435c7865375c7831335c7831355c7863635c786665377e5c786430785c7830335c7838385c7830355c7862625c78396427
compressed
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\SOUND.py", line 114, in <module>
    unhexsring = str(zlib.decompress(unhexsring).encode('utf8'))
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Answer 1

您在这里看到的异常：

unhexsring = str(zlib.decompress(unhexsring).encode('utf8'))
    TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

因为zlib.decompress期望而被提出bytes。通过更改可以轻松解决

unhexsring = hex2str(hexstring).decode('utf8')    # -> str

至

unhexsring = hex2str(hexstring)    # -> bytes

但这会导致新的错误：

unhexsring = zlib.decompress(unhexsring)
    zlib.error: Error -3 while decompressing data: incorrect header check

由于这一行而发生了这一件事：

hexstring = str(zlib.compress(hexstring.encode('utf-8')))

Calling str on a bytes instance doesn't convert the bytes to str, it converts the bytes' repr to str.

>>> bs = 'Hello World'.encode('utf-8')
>>> print(repr(bs))
b'Hello World'
>>> s = str(bs)
>>> print(repr(s))
"b'Hello World'"    # <- note the b....

The str conversion is inserting a 'b' at the front of the compressed data and so corrupting the header. Let's leave hexstring as a bytes object for now

hexstring = zlib.compress(hexstring.encode('utf-8'))

But now the code raises yet another exception:

return binascii.hexlify(bytes(str.encode(s)))
    TypeError: descriptor 'encode' requires a 'str' object but received a 'bytes'

s is now a bytes object, so there's no need try to convert it (and note that str.encode returns bytes anyway, so the bytes call would be redundant even if s were a string).

So str2hex becomes

def str2hex(s):
    return binascii.hexlify(s)

Now yet another error is raised:

unhexsring = str(zlib.decompress(unhexsring).encode('utf8'))
    AttributeError: 'bytes' object has no attribute 'encode'

The output of zlib.decompress is a bytes object, so it's already encoded (assuming it was a string to begin with). You want to decode it to get a str:

unhexsring = zlib.decompress(unhexsring).decode('utf8')

This is a version of your code that can be run as a script from the command prompt:

import binascii
import random
import string
import zlib,gzip

import zlib,gzip

def str2hex(s):
    return binascii.hexlify(s)


def hex2str(h):
    return binascii.unhexlify(h)

def main():
    # I don't want to type 200+ chars to test this :-)
    hexstring = ''.join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for _ in range(201))
    if len(hexstring) > 200:
        hexstring = zlib.compress(hexstring.encode('utf-8'))
        print(hexstring)
    hexstring = str2hex(hexstring)
    ph = str(hexstring.decode('utf-8'))
    print(ph)

    #decompressing text
    unhexsring = hex2str(hexstring)
    if 'x' in str(unhexsring):
        print('compressed')
        unhexsring = zlib.decompress(unhexsring).decode('utf8')
    print(unhexsring)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()