Py4JJavaError：在 Jupyter 笔记本中使用 Pyspark 尝试使用“spark”运行示例。

Question

我正在尝试在 Jupyter 笔记本中运行 PySpark 的示例（例如 Spark/examples/src/main/python/ml/fpgrowth_example.py）。但是，每当我尝试执行“spark.(some function)”时，我都会遇到异常。在本例中，它是spark.createDataFrame，但我也尝试过spark.read，它导致了相同的异常。我还尝试创建自己的 SparkSession，并在启动时使用 Jupyter Notebook 中已有的 SparkSession，但都无法正常工作。我能找到的主要异常是 AnalysisException：'java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient;'

代码：

# $example on$
from pyspark.ml.fpm import FPGrowth 
# $example off$
from pyspark.sql import SparkSession

if __name__ == "__main__":
    spark = SparkSession\
    .builder\
    .appName("FPGrowthExample")\
    .getOrCreate()

# $example on$
df = spark.createDataFrame([
    (0, [1, 2, 5]),
    (1, [1, 2, 3, 5]),
    (2, [1, 2])
], ["id", "items"])

例外：

AnalysisException                         Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-2-512249e97d93> in <module>()
      3         (1, [1, 2, 3, 5]),
      4         (2, [1, 2])
----> 5     ], ["id", "items"])

D:\spark\spark-2.3.1-bin-hadoop2.7\python\pyspark\sql\session.py in createDataFrame(self, data, schema, samplingRatio, verifySchema)
    691             rdd, schema = self._createFromLocal(map(prepare, data), schema)
    692         jrdd = self._jvm.SerDeUtil.toJavaArray(rdd._to_java_object_rdd())
--> 693         jdf = self._jsparkSession.applySchemaToPythonRDD(jrdd.rdd(), schema.json())
    694         df = DataFrame(jdf, self._wrapped)
    695         df._schema = schema

D:\spark\spark-2.3.1-bin-hadoop2.7\python\lib\py4j-0.10.7-src.zip\py4j\java_gateway.py in __call__(self, *args)
   1255         answer = self.gateway_client.send_command(command)
   1256         return_value = get_return_value(
-> 1257             answer, self.gateway_client, self.target_id, self.name)
   1258 
   1259         for temp_arg in temp_args:

D:\spark\spark-2.3.1-bin-hadoop2.7\python\pyspark\sql\utils.py in deco(*a, **kw)
     67                                              e.java_exception.getStackTrace()))
     68             if s.startswith('org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: '):
---> 69                 raise AnalysisException(s.split(': ', 1)[1], stackTrace)
     70             if s.startswith('org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis'):
     71                 raise AnalysisException(s.split(': ', 1)[1], stackTrace)

AnalysisException: 'java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient;'
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Py4JJavaError                             Traceback (most recent call last)
D:\spark\spark-2.3.1-bin-hadoop2.7\python\pyspark\sql\utils.py in deco(*a, **kw)
     62         try:
---> 63             return f(*a, **kw)
     64         except py4j.protocol.Py4JJavaError as e:

D:\spark\spark-2.3.1-bin-hadoop2.7\python\lib\py4j-0.10.7-src.zip\py4j\protocol.py in get_return_value(answer, gateway_client, target_id, name)
    327                     "An error occurred while calling {0}{1}{2}.\n".
--> 328                     format(target_id, ".", name), value)
    329             else:

Py4JJavaError: An error occurred while calling o24.applySchemaToPythonRDD.
: org.apache.spark.sql.AnalysisException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient;
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:106)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.databaseExists(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:194)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog$lzycompute(SharedState.scala:114)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SharedState.externalCatalog(SharedState.scala:102)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.externalCatalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:39)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog$lzycompute(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:54)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.catalog(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:52)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder$$anon$1.<init>(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:69)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveSessionStateBuilder.analyzer(HiveSessionStateBuilder.scala:69)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.BaseSessionStateBuilder$$anonfun$build$2.apply(BaseSessionStateBuilder.scala:293)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.BaseSessionStateBuilder$$anonfun$build$2.apply(BaseSessionStateBuilder.scala:293)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.analyzer$lzycompute(SessionState.scala:79)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SessionState.analyzer(SessionState.scala:79)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecution.analyzed$lzycompute(QueryExecution.scala:57)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecution.analyzed(QueryExecution.scala:55)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.execution.QueryExecution.assertAnalyzed(QueryExecution.scala:47)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset$.ofRows(Dataset.scala:74)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.internalCreateDataFrame(SparkSession.scala:577)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.applySchemaToPythonRDD(SparkSession.scala:752)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession.applySchemaToPythonRDD(SparkSession.scala:737)
  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
  at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
  at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
  at py4j.reflection.MethodInvoker.invoke(MethodInvoker.java:244)
  at py4j.reflection.ReflectionEngine.invoke(ReflectionEngine.java:357)
  at py4j.Gateway.invoke(Gateway.java:282)
  at py4j.commands.AbstractCommand.invokeMethod(AbstractCommand.java:132)
  at py4j.commands.CallCommand.execute(CallCommand.java:79)
  at py4j.GatewayConnection.run(GatewayConnection.java:238)
  at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:522)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.newState(HiveClientImpl.scala:180)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.HiveClientImpl.<init>(HiveClientImpl.scala:114)
  at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
  at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
  at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
  at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.client.IsolatedClientLoader.createClient(IsolatedClientLoader.scala:264)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:385)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveUtils$.newClientForMetadata(HiveUtils.scala:287)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.client$lzycompute(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:66)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.client(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:65)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply$mcZ$sp(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:195)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:195)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog$$anonfun$databaseExists$1.apply(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:195)
  at org.apache.spark.sql.hive.HiveExternalCatalog.withClient(HiveExternalCatalog.scala:97)
  ... 30 more
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1523)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:86)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:132)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:104)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3005)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3024)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:503)
  ... 45 more
Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
  at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
  at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
  at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
  at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
  at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1521)
  ... 51 more

Answer 1

对于 Spark 版本 2.3.1，我能够创建如下数据框：

df = spSession.createDataFrame(someRDD)

通过从文件 \spark\python\pyspark\shell.py 的 45 中删除此函数

    SparkContext._jvm.org.apache.hadoop.hive.conf.HiveConf()
    spark = SparkSession.builder\
        .enableHiveSupport() <--- Delete this line
        .getOrCreate()

我无法进一步解释，但我想由于我的 Windows 10 中没有安装 Hive，删除这一行会使 PySpark 不使用 Hive 并使用任何其他可用于创建 DataFrame 的东西。我希望这有帮助。