SLF4J：类路径包含多个 SLF4J 绑定 slf4j-test vs logback-classic

Question

我知道你们要说什么，这是一个重复的问题，等等……但事实并非如此。因为我已经完成了slf4j-test 中exclusion建议的配置，并且每当我运行测试时仍然出现以下错误：

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in 
[jar:file:/C:/Users/admin/.m2/repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.1.11/logback-classic-1.1.11.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in 
[jar:file:/C:/Users/admin/.m2/repository/uk/org/lidalia/slf4j-test/1.2.0/slf4j-test-1.2.0.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextSelectorStaticBinder]

依赖树告诉我 spring-jpa 包含ch.qos.logback:logback-classic依赖。

% mvn dependency:tree
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building weblio-help 1.0.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.10:tree (default-cli) @ weblio-help ---
[INFO] jp.weblio.help:weblio-help:jar:1.0.0
[INFO] +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa:jar:1.5.4.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter:jar:1.5.4.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  +- org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-logging:jar:1.5.4.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- ch.qos.logback:logback-classic:jar:1.1.11:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  |  \- ch.qos.logback:logback-core:jar:1.1.11:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  +- org.slf4j:jul-to-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile
[INFO] |  |  |  \- org.slf4j:log4j-over-slf4j:jar:1.7.25:compile
[INFO] |  |  \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.17:runtime
[INFO] \- uk.org.lidalia:slf4j-test:jar:1.2.0:test
[INFO]    +- uk.org.lidalia:lidalia-lang:jar:1.0.0:test
[INFO]    |  \- org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:jar:3.1:test
[INFO]    +- com.google.guava:guava:jar:14.0.1:test
[INFO]    +- uk.org.lidalia:lidalia-slf4j-ext:jar:1.0.0:test
[INFO]    \- joda-time:joda-time:jar:2.9.9:test
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 18.845 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-07-04T14:07:54+09:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 21M/125M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

我想slf4j-test在测试期间使用。但似乎即使在包含以下内容之后：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <classpathDependencyExcludes>
            <classpathDependencyExcludes>ch.qos.logback:logback-classic</classpathDependencyExcludes>
        </classpathDependencyExcludes>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

错误仍然存​​在，似乎类maven-surefire-plugin路径排除没有任何影响。再次，我看过slf4j-test 文档。

任何人都可以帮我调试这个乏味的错误！！！

Answer 1

logback-classic如果 spring-boot-starter-data-jpa 的 pom 中不需要依赖项，则可以排除依赖项：

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
             <exclusion>
                  <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                  <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
              </exclusion>
         </exclusions>
</dependency>

编辑：
如果您还需要 logback-classic，您可以在 pom 中将其标记为可选：

<dependency>
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
    <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>