apache POI在Excel工作簿中添加水印

Question

我是 apache POI java 开发的新手，我正在尝试使用以下代码将水印添加到 excel。但是水印 id 覆盖了它后面的内容。我想在背景中添加水印。

public class xlWatermark {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        FileOutputStream fileOut = null;
        try {
            fileOut = new FileOutputStream("Test.xls");
            HSSFSheet ws = wb.createSheet("testSheet");
            HSSFPatriarch dp = ws.createDrawingPatriarch();
            HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor
                (0, 0, 1023, 255, (short) 2, 4, (short) 13, 26);
            HSSFTextbox txtbox = dp.createTextbox(anchor);
            HSSFRichTextString rtxt = new HSSFRichTextString("test");
            HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
            font.setColor((short) 27);
            font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL);
            font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 192);
            font.setFontName("Verdana");
            rtxt.applyFont(font);
            txtbox.setString(rtxt);
            txtbox.setLineStyle(HSSFShape.LINESTYLE_NONE);
            txtbox.setNoFill(true);
            wb.write(fileOut);
            fileOut.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 
    }

你能帮助我并告诉我如何在excel（XSSF或HSSF工作簿）中添加水印或在exel标题中添加图片

谢谢穆达西尔

Answer 1

Microsoft Excel 没有内置水印功能。但是，有几种方法可以模拟水印的外观。但不幸的是，apache poi 不直接支持这些方法。

如果XSSF只有这样的要求，那么可以使用XSSF.

一个*.xlsx文件只是一个ZIP存档。所以我们可以解压缩它并查看内部结构。因此，请创建一个*.xlsx在标题中包含图片的文件，然后查看*.xlsx ZIP存档。

在/xl/worksheets/sheet1.xml那里是 sheet XML，我们找到了类似的东西：

...
<headerFooter>
 <oddHeader>&C&G</oddHeader>
</headerFooter>
<legacyDrawingHF r:id="rId1"/>
...

所以我们有&Gwhich 指向&C输入标题中的图形。我们有一个指向遗留绘图的关系 Id。

我们在/xl/drawings/vmlDrawing1.vml. 在这个*.vml文件中也有一个与/xl/media/.

所以我们必须做的是

1. 将图像添加到工作簿。这实际上是由apache poi已经提供的。

2. 将“&G”放入中心标题。这实际上也是由apache poi已经提供的。

3. 创建/xl/drawings/vmlDrawing1.vml为 aPackagePart并创建 aPOIXMLDocumentPart这提供了在写出文件时将commit()其保存XML到包中的方法。

4. 创建所有需要的关系。

以下代码是工作草案，显示了原理。如图所示，我从链接的 Microsoft 支持页面下载了AF101880439_en-us_draft.png。

该代码是完整的并且可以工作并创建一个结果*.xlsx文件，该文件在第一张工作表的中心标题中具有 DRAFT 图片。

import java.io.*;

import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;

import org.apache.poi.util.IOUtils;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.ImageUtils;

import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.*;
import org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocumentPart;

import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlObject;

import static org.apache.poi.POIXMLTypeLoader.DEFAULT_XML_OPTIONS;

public class CreateExcelPictureInHeaderAKAWatermark {

 static void createPictureForHeader(XSSFSheet sheet, int pictureIdx, String pictureTitle, int vmlIdx, String headerPos) throws Exception {
  OPCPackage opcpackage = sheet.getWorkbook().getPackage();

  //creating /xl/drawings/vmlDrawing1.vml
  PackagePartName partname = PackagingURIHelper.createPartName("/xl/drawings/vmlDrawing" + vmlIdx+ ".vml");
  PackagePart part = opcpackage.createPart(partname, "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.vmlDrawing");
  //creating new VmlDrawing
  VmlDrawing vmldrawing = new VmlDrawing(part);

  //creating the relation to the picture in /xl/drawings/_rels/vmlDrawing1.vml.rels
  XSSFPictureData picData = sheet.getWorkbook().getAllPictures().get(pictureIdx);
  String rIdPic = vmldrawing.addRelation(null, XSSFRelation.IMAGES, picData).getRelationship().getId();

  //get image dimension
  ByteArrayInputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(picData.getData());
  java.awt.Dimension imageDimension = ImageUtils.getImageDimension(is, picData.getPictureType());
  is.close();

  //updating the VmlDrawing
  vmldrawing.setRIdPic(rIdPic);
  vmldrawing.setPictureTitle(pictureTitle);
  vmldrawing.setImageDimension(imageDimension);
  vmldrawing.setHeaderPos(headerPos);

  //creating the relation to /xl/drawings/vmlDrawing1.xml in /xl/worksheets/_rels/sheet1.xml.rels
  String rIdExtLink = sheet.addRelation(null, XSSFRelation.VML_DRAWINGS, vmldrawing).getRelationship().getId();

  //creating the <legacyDrawingHF r:id="..."/> in /xl/worksheets/sheetN.xml
  sheet.getCTWorksheet().addNewLegacyDrawingHF().setId(rIdExtLink);

 }

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

  Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();

  Sheet sheet;
  Header header;
  InputStream is;
  byte[] bytes;

  int pictureIdx; //we need it later

  sheet = workbook.createSheet();

  header = sheet.getHeader();
  header.setCenter("&G"); // &G means Graphic

  //add picture data to this workbook
  is = new FileInputStream("AF101880439_en-us_draft.png");
  bytes = IOUtils.toByteArray(is);
  pictureIdx = workbook.addPicture(bytes, Workbook.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG);
  is.close();

  //create header picture from picture data of this workbook
  createPictureForHeader((XSSFSheet)sheet, pictureIdx, "AF101880439_en-us_draft", 1, "CH"/*CenterHeader*/);

  FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("CreateExcelPictureInHeader.xlsx");
  workbook.write(out);
  out.close();
  workbook.close();    
 }

 //class for VmlDrawing
 static class VmlDrawing extends POIXMLDocumentPart {

  String rIdPic = "";
  String pictureTitle = "";
  java.awt.Dimension imageDimension = null;
  String headerPos = "";

  VmlDrawing(PackagePart part) {
   super(part);
  }

  void setRIdPic(String rIdPic) {
   this.rIdPic = rIdPic;
  }

  void setPictureTitle(String pictureTitle) {
   this.pictureTitle = pictureTitle;
  }

  void setHeaderPos(String headerPos) {
   this.headerPos = headerPos;
  }

  void setImageDimension(java.awt.Dimension imageDimension) {
   this.imageDimension = imageDimension;
  }

  @Override
  protected void commit() throws IOException {
   PackagePart part = getPackagePart();
   OutputStream out = part.getOutputStream();
   try {
    XmlObject doc = XmlObject.Factory.parse(

      "<xml xmlns:v=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml\""
     +" xmlns:o=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office\""
     +" xmlns:x=\"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:excel\">"
     +" <o:shapelayout v:ext=\"edit\">"
     +"  <o:idmap v:ext=\"edit\" data=\"1\"/>"
     +" </o:shapelayout><v:shapetype id=\"_x0000_t75\" coordsize=\"21600,21600\" o:spt=\"75\""
     +"  o:preferrelative=\"t\" path=\"m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe\" filled=\"f\" stroked=\"f\">"
     +"  <v:stroke joinstyle=\"miter\"/>"
     +"  <v:formulas>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"sum @0 1 0\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"sum 0 0 @1\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"prod @2 1 2\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"prod @3 21600 pixelWidth\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"prod @3 21600 pixelHeight\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"sum @0 0 1\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"prod @6 1 2\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"prod @7 21600 pixelWidth\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"sum @8 21600 0\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"prod @7 21600 pixelHeight\"/>"
     +"   <v:f eqn=\"sum @10 21600 0\"/>"
     +"  </v:formulas>"
     +"  <v:path o:extrusionok=\"f\" gradientshapeok=\"t\" o:connecttype=\"rect\"/>"
     +"  <o:lock v:ext=\"edit\" aspectratio=\"t\"/>"
     +" </v:shapetype><v:shape id=\"" + headerPos + "\" o:spid=\"_x0000_s1025\" type=\"#_x0000_t75\""
     +"  style='position:absolute;margin-left:0;margin-top:0;"
     +"width:" + (int)imageDimension.getWidth() + "px;height:" + (int)imageDimension.getHeight() + "px;"
     +"z-index:1'>"
     +"  <v:imagedata o:relid=\""+ rIdPic + "\" o:title=\"" + pictureTitle + "\"/>"
     +"  <o:lock v:ext=\"edit\" rotation=\"t\"/>"
     +" </v:shape></xml>"

    );
    doc.save(out, DEFAULT_XML_OPTIONS);
    out.close();
   } catch (Exception ex) {
    ex.printStackTrace();
   }
  }

 }

}

需要更改导入才能使用 current 进行工作apache poi 4.0.1：

...
//import org.apache.poi.POIXMLDocumentPart;
import org.apache.poi.ooxml.POIXMLDocumentPart;

import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlObject;

//import static org.apache.poi.POIXMLTypeLoader.DEFAULT_XML_OPTIONS;
import static org.apache.poi.ooxml.POIXMLTypeLoader.DEFAULT_XML_OPTIONS;
...