Go的sync.WaitGroup丢失了其中一个响应

Question

我试图time.Sleep通过自己添加内部goroutine 来发送http请求.

但是,总是会丢失其中一个响应 sync.WaitGroup,例如,此后客户端向我的Web服务器发送了5个请求,但只有5个响应中有4个响应:

Sending http://localhost:9001/?id=1, at 2018-06-11 17:11:56.424086867 +0800 CST m=+0.000949479
Sending http://localhost:9001/?id=2, at 2018-06-11 17:11:57.426178028 +0800 CST m=+1.003040640
GOT id: 2 sleeping .... 0.347917120258,  at: 2018-06-11 17:11:57.776187964 +0800 CST m=+1.353050576
GOT id: 1 sleeping .... 1.63133622383,  at: 2018-06-11 17:11:58.059441646 +0800 CST m=+1.636304258
Sending http://localhost:9001/?id=3, at 2018-06-11 17:11:58.42641506 +0800 CST m=+2.003277672
GOT id: 3 sleeping .... 0.959551004983,  at: 2018-06-11 17:11:59.392013618 +0800 CST m=+2.968876230
Sending http://localhost:9001/?id=4, at 2018-06-11 17:11:59.428900219 +0800 CST m=+3.005762831
GOT id: 4 sleeping .... 0.0479890727854,  at: 2018-06-11 17:11:59.479683953 +0800 CST m=+3.056546565
Sending http://localhost:9001/?id=5, at 2018-06-11 17:12:00.428293512 +0800 CST m=+4.005156124

这是Go客户端代码

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "io/ioutil"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    urls := []string{
      "http://localhost:9001/?id=1",
      "http://localhost:9001/?id=2",
      "http://localhost:9001/?id=3",
      "http://localhost:9001/?id=4",
      "http://localhost:9001/?id=5",
    }
    jsonResponses := make(chan string)

    var wg sync.WaitGroup

    wg.Add(len(urls))

    for i, url := range urls {
        tsleep := i
        go func(url string) {
            defer wg.Done()
            time.Sleep(time.Duration(tsleep) * time.Second)
            fmt.Println("Sending " + url + ", at " + time.Now().String())
            res, err := http.Get(url)
            if err != nil {
                log.Fatal(err)
            } else {
                defer res.Body.Close()
                body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
                if err != nil {
                    log.Fatal(err)
                } else {
                    t := time.Now()
                    jsonResponses <- string("GOT id: " + string(body) + ",  at: " + t.String())
                }
            }
        }(url)
    }

    go func() {
        for response := range jsonResponses {
            fmt.Println(response)
        }
    }()

    wg.Wait()
}

用我的测试龙卷风python web服务器代码

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
import random
import tornado.gen

class DefaultHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    @tornado.web.asynchronous
    @tornado.gen.engine
    def get(self):
        id = self.get_query_argument("id", "1")
        sleepy = 2.0 * (random.random())
        self.write(id + " sleeping .... " + str(sleepy))
        yield tornado.gen.sleep(sleepy)
        self.finish()


def make_app():
    return tornado.web.Application([
        (r"/", DefaultHandler),
    ])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = make_app()
    app.listen(9001)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.current().start()

Answer 1

wg.Wait()只会等到所有进行HTTP调用的goroutine完成,它不会等待打印结果的goroutine完成.当所有HTTP调用完成(并且它们的结果在通道上发送)时,wg.Wait()可能会返回,并且您的main()函数结束.有了它,你的应用程序也会结束.它不会等待独立的,并发的goroutine打印结果.

要使您的应用也等待,请使用第二种WaitGroup或其他方式进行同步.并且不要忘记jsonResponses在完成所有HTTP调用后关闭通道,因为这将使打印goroutine结束(一旦在关闭之前接收到所有值):

var wg2 sync.WaitGroup
wg2.Add(1)
go func() {
    defer wg2.Done()
    for response := range jsonResponses {
        fmt.Println(response)
    }
}()

wg.Wait()

// At this point HTTP calls are done.
// Close jsonResponses, signalling no more data will come:
close(jsonResponses)
wg2.Wait()

这里发生的事情是,一旦wg.Wait()恢复,我们就知道所有HTTP呼叫并且已经完成了他们的结果.我们可以jsonResponses在这里关闭.for range一旦收到通道关闭之前发送的所有值,打印goroutine中的循环将正确终止.最后它会调用wg2.Done(),所以wg2.Wait()main中的调用可以返回,程序结束.