爬行时scrapy中的错误403

Question

这是我编写的用于抓取“blablacar”网站的代码。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy


class BlablaSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'blabla'

    allowed_domains = ['blablacar.in']
    start_urls = ['http://www.blablacar.in/ride-sharing/new-delhi/chandigarh']

    def parse(self, response):
        print(response.text)

运行上述程序时，我收到错误消息

2018-06-11 00:07:05 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] 调试：Telnet 控制台监听 127.0.0.1:6023 2018-06-11 00:07:06 [scrapy.core.engine] 调试：爬行 (403) ) http://www.blablacar.in/robots.txt> (referer: None) 2018-06-11 00:07:06 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (403) http://www.blablacar .in/ride-sharing/new-delhi/chandigarh> (referer: None) 2018-06-11 00:07:06 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror] INFO：忽略响应 <403 http://www.blablacar.in /ride-sharing/new-delhi/chandigarh >: HTTP 状态代码未处理或不允许 2018-06-11 00:07:06 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)

Answer 1

您需要配置用户代理。我使用配置的用户代理在我的站点中运行您的代码，并获得状态代码 200。

1 将名为 utils.py 的新文件放在 settings.py 旁边

import random

user_agent_list = [
    # Chrome
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.90 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.157 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/57.0.2987.133 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/55.0.2883.87 Safari/537.36',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.116 Safari/537.36'
    # Firefox
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/5.0)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/6.0)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0)',
    'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729)',
    'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:59.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/59.0'
]


def get_random_agent():
    return random.choice(user_agent_list)

2 添加到您的 settings.py 文件：

from <SCRAPY_PROJECT>.utils import get_random_agent

USER_AGENT = get_random_agent()