使用C++在微控制器上显示位图图形

Question

我正在使用十六进制格式的888到565格式的位图.所以我想,以显示对使用SDL模拟器的位图,与帧缓冲区resoultion是16bit.

其中一个位图数据(第一行)看起来像那样

0x42, 0x4D, 0xFE, 0x82, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x36, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x28, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x7B, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x5A, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x1, 0x0, 0x18, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 

现在我正在尝试在SDL上使用C++绘制该位图,但是我得到了带有扫描线的垃圾图像,看起来像是没有正确计算间距.

void Rasterizer::DrawBitmap(int w, int h, int x, int y, int transparent)
{
    if (!bitmap)
        return;

    const uint8_t bytesPerPixel = 2;
    uint16_t bytesPerRow = (bytesPerPixel * h ); // bytes Per Row including padding to 4 byte row boundary
    uint16_t paddingSize = bytesPerRow - (bytesPerPixel * w); // paddingSize for each row
    uint16_t pixel;
    uint16_t row, column;


    for (row = 0; row < h; row++) {
        for (column = 0; column < w; column++) {
            pixel = bitmap[row + column* bytesPerRow]<<8;
            pixel |= bitmap[1+row + column* bytesPerRow] & 0xFF;
            SetPixel(x+column, y+row, pixel);
        }
    }

}



void Rasterizer::SetPixel(int x, int y, uint16_t color)
{
    m_FrameBuffer[y * m_Width + x] = color;
}

Answer 1

0x42, 0x4D

前两个字节是B和M,这只是位图文件头,总共54个字节.它不是第一行的一部分.

大小为0x7Bx 0x5A像素

接近最后你有0x18 0x0024位,24位位图,而不是16位

所以你必须跳过54个字节,读取为24位

int width_in_bytes = ((width * 24 + 31) / 32) * 4 * height;
for(int row = height - 1; row >= 0; row--)
{
    for(int col = 0; col < width; col++)
    {
        int i = row * width_in_bytes + col * 3;
        unsigned char blu = bitmap[54 + i + 0];
        unsigned char grn = bitmap[54 + i + 1];
        unsigned char red = bitmap[54 + i + 2];
        int pixel = red | ((uint16_t)grn << 8) | ((uint32_t)blu << 16);
        SetPixel(row, col, pixel);
    }
}

如果设备需要16位位图,那么首先尝试获取16位位图.例如,在拍摄屏幕截图时,Windows允许16位格式.

SDL也支持SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB565.如果您在Windows中编码,GDI +是另一种选择.

如果您的源位图是24位,并且您想要转换为16位565格式,请根据下面的MCVE编写公式

24位位图的颜色范围为0-255,而16位的颜色范围为0-31(对于565格式,绿色为0-63).您必须将颜色标准化,例如将红色值乘以31/255.然后将值移位到16位整数.

在像素开始之前,16位位图格式需要3种颜色(总共12个字节).这些颜色包含有关565格式的信息.

#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    HBITMAP hbitmap = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL, "24bit.bmp",
        IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0, LR_LOADFROMFILE | LR_CREATEDIBSECTION);
    if(!hbitmap)
        return 0;

    BITMAP bm;
    GetObject(hbitmap, sizeof(bm), &bm);
    if(bm.bmBitsPixel != 24)
    {
        DeleteObject(hbitmap);
        std::cout << "Expecting 24-bit bitmap\n";
        return 0;
    }

    BYTE *source = (BYTE*)bm.bmBits;
    int w = bm.bmWidth;
    int h = bm.bmHeight;

    //calculate width in bytes (wb) for source and destination
    DWORD wb_src = ((w * 24 + 31) / 32) * 4;
    DWORD wb_dst = ((w * 16 + 31) / 32) * 4;

    int size = wb_dst * h;
    std::vector<BYTE> dest(size);
    for(int r = 0; r < h; r++)
    {
        for(int c = 0; c < w; c++)
        {
            int src = r * wb_src + c * 3;
            int dst = r * wb_dst + c * 2;

            uint16_t blu = (uint16_t)(source[src + 0] * 31.f / 255.f);
            uint16_t grn = (uint16_t)(source[src + 1] * 63.f / 255.f);
            uint16_t red = (uint16_t)(source[src + 2] * 31.f / 255.f);

            uint16_t res = (red) | (grn << 5) | (blu << 11);
            memcpy(&dest[dst], &res, 2);
        }
    }

    //prepare header files for 16-bit file
    BITMAPINFOHEADER bi = { sizeof(bi), w, h, 1, 16, BI_BITFIELDS };
    BITMAPFILEHEADER bf = { (WORD)'MB', 54 + 12 + wb_dst * h, 0, 0, 54 };

    std::ofstream of("16bit.bmp", std::ios::binary);
    if(of)
    {
        //add file header
        of.write((char*)&bf, sizeof(bf));
        of.write((char*)&bi, sizeof(bi));

        //color table
        COLORREF c1 = 31;
        COLORREF c2 = 63 << 5;
        COLORREF c3 = 31 << 11;
        of.write((char*)&c1, 4);
        of.write((char*)&c2, 4);
        of.write((char*)&c3, 4);

        //add pixels
        of.write((char*)&dest[0], dest.size());
    }

    DeleteObject(hbitmap);

    return 0;
}