sal*_*der 5 html javascript web
我试图通过w3schools.com上的本教程使用 Javascript 实现打开和关闭下拉菜单的方法。虽然“显示”下拉菜单的功能有效,但关闭它的功能却不起作用。此外,此代码旁边没有解释来解释为什么它应该工作,这使得调试变得困难。
/* When the user clicks on the button,
toggle between hiding and showing the dropdown content */
function myFunction() {
document.getElementById("myDropdown").classList.toggle("show");
}
// Close the dropdown menu if the user clicks outside of it
window.onclick = function(event) {
if (!event.target.matches('.dropbtn')) {
var dropdowns = document.getElementsByClassName("dropdown-content");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < dropdowns.length; i++) {
var openDropdown = dropdowns[i];
if (openDropdown.classList.contains('show')) {
openDropdown.classList.remove('show');
}
}
}
}
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因此,我的问题是,
1) 教程中的代码是否应该用于关闭下拉菜单。(已回答)
2)为了让我自己和未来遇到相同教程和问题的新手清楚起见,有人可以澄清这应该如何/为什么起作用吗?(未答复)
编辑(我的尝试):
HTML:
<div class="sharedown">
<p onclick="shareVis()" class="sharebtn">  Share</p>
<div id="mySharedown" class="sharedown-content">
<a href="#">Self</a>
<p>User</p><input type="text" name="user-name" placeholder="Share to">
<a href="#">Community</a>
</div>
</div>
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JS:
function shareVis() {
document.getElementById("mySharedown").className = "show";
}
window.onclick = function(event) {
if (!event.target.matches('sharebtn')) {
var sharedowns = document.getElementsByClassName("sharedown-content");
var i;
for (i = 0; i < sharedowns.length; i++) {
var openSharedown = sharedowns[i];
if (openSharedown.classList.contains('show')) {
openSharedown.classList.remove('show');
}
}
}
}
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CSS:
/* Share dropdown menu */
p.sharebtn {
color: darkgrey;
font-family:calibri;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
font-size: 12;
border: none;
cursor: pointer;
display: inline;
}
/* Dropdown button on hover & focus */
p.sharebtn:hover, p.sharebtn:focus {
color: grey;
}
/* The container <div> - needed to position the dropdown content */
.sharedown {
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
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}
/* Dropdown Content (Hidden by Default) */
.sharedown-content {
display: none;
position: absolute;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
min-width: 100px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 1px #C4E3F5;
z-index:1; /* place dropdown infront of everything else*/
}
.sharedown-content a {
color: black;
padding: 5px 5px;
text-decoration: none;
display: block;
}
/* Show the dropdown menu (use JS to add this class to the .dropdown-
content container when the user clicks on the dropdown button) */
.show {display: block;
position: absolute;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
min-width: 100px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 1px #C4E3F5;
opacity: 1;
z-index:1;}
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问题在于shareVis功能。这里
document.getElementById("mySharedown").className = "show";
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您正在将#mySharedown类名替换为show. 然后在window.onclick
var sharedowns = document.getElementsByClassName("sharedown-content");
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您没有得到任何信息,sharedowns因为您已经将类名替换为show.
show类添加到classList
document.getElementById("mySharedown").classList.add("show");
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或将类名替换为 sharedown-content show
document.getElementById("mySharedown").className = "sharedown-content show";
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下面的工作解决方案:
document.getElementById("mySharedown").className = "show";
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var sharedowns = document.getElementsByClassName("sharedown-content");
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document.getElementById("mySharedown").classList.add("show");
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为了防止第二次点击#mySharedown隐藏#mySharedown,你应该click为#mySharedown它添加另一个事件并防止它冒泡,像这样
document.getElementById("mySharedown").addEventListener('click',function(event){
event.stopPropagation();
});
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更新包含在工作解决方案中
小智 5
更新 2022 Vanilla Javascript 现在包含一个名为 Node.closest(Node) 的方法来检查事件是否与上层层次结构中的节点匹配。下面是一个在单击时打开下拉菜单并在单击时再次隐藏它的示例,如果在文档外部单击也会隐藏下拉菜单。
const list = document.querySelector('.list')
const btn = document.querySelector('.btn')
btn.addEventListener('click', (e)=> {
list.classList.toggle('hidden')
e.stopPropagation()
})
document.addEventListener('click', (e)=> {
if(e.target.closest('.list')) return
list.classList.add('hidden')
})Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
.hidden {
display:none
}
ul {
background-color: blue;
}Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
<button class="btn">open</button>
<ul class="list hidden">
<li class="item1">Item 1</li>
<li class="item2">Item 2</li>
<li class="item3">Item 3</li>
</ul>Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)