我正在尝试使用保存在SharedPreferences中的值来初始化我的应用程序中的几个变量。在Flutter中,SharedPreferences是异步的,因此它会导致稍后在代码中初始化变量,这在我的应用程序中产生了问题,因为在调用build方法时某些变量为null。
这是我编写的一个小测试Flutter应用程序,用于演示此问题:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
class TestingApp extends StatefulWidget {
TestingApp() {}
@override
State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
// TODO: implement createState
return new _CupertinoNavigationState();
}
}
class _CupertinoNavigationState extends State<TestingApp> {
int itemNo;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
// SharedPreferences.getInstance().then((sp) {
// sp.setInt("itemNo", 3);
// });
SharedPreferences.getInstance().then((sp) {
print("sp " + sp.getInt("itemNo").toString());
setState(() {
itemNo = sp.getInt("itemNo");
});
});
print("This is the item number " + itemNo.toString());
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
print("item number on build " + itemNo.toString());
return new Text("Hello");
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
这是控制台中的结果:
Performing full restart...
flutter: This is the item number null
flutter: item number on build null // build method being called and variable is null
Restarted app in 1 993ms.
flutter: sp 3
flutter: item number on build 3
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
您可以看到,当我尝试在启动时从SharedPreferences中获取变量时,由于SharedPreference是异步的,因此itemNo为null。然后,应用程序运行build方法,并在itemNo = null上运行build方法,这会导致应用程序崩溃。
一旦从SharedPreferences中获取值,我将调用setState,然后使用正确的值再次调用build方法。但是,使用itemNo = null构建的初始调用应该不会发生。
我希望有一个SharedPreferences的同步方法,但似乎不存在。如何运行应用程序,以便在启动时在Flutter中正确初始化变量?
我试图通过使用同步方法初始化问题来解决此问题,方法是写入json文件,然后使用以下简短的Flutter测试应用读取该文件-对我来说,将变量保存为初始化似乎有点过头,但是我仍然尝试一下:
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
import 'package:path_provider/path_provider.dart';
import 'dart:io';
import 'dart:convert';
import 'package:shared_preferences/shared_preferences.dart';
class TestingApp extends StatefulWidget {
TestingApp() {}
@override
State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
// TODO: implement createState
return new _CupertinoNavigationState();
}
}
class _CupertinoNavigationState extends State<TestingApp> {
int itemNo;
File jsonFile;
String fileName = "items.json";
Directory dir;
bool fileExists = false;
void createFile(Map content, Directory dir, String fileName) {
// print("Creating file for category " + dir.path);
File file = new File(dir.path + "/" + fileName);
file.createSync();
fileExists = true;
file.writeAsStringSync(json.encode(content));
}
void writeToFile(int itemNo) {
// print("Writing to category file");
Map itemMap = new Map();
itemMap['item'] = itemNo;
if (fileExists) {
print("category file exists");
Map jsonFileContent = json.decode(jsonFile.readAsStringSync());
jsonFileContent.addAll(itemMap);
jsonFile.writeAsStringSync(json.encode(itemMap));
} else {
print("category File does not exists");
getApplicationDocumentsDirectory().then((Directory directory) {
dir = directory;
createFile(itemMap, dir, fileName);
});
}
}
fetchSavedItemNo() {
//load the currency from the saved json file.
getApplicationDocumentsDirectory().then((Directory directory) {
dir = directory;
jsonFile = new File(dir.path+ "/" + fileName);
fileExists = jsonFile.existsSync();
setState(() {
if (fileExists)
itemNo = json.decode(jsonFile.readAsStringSync())['item'];
print("fetching saved itemNo " +itemNo.toString());
if (itemNo == null) {
itemNo = 0;
}
});
return itemNo;
//else the itemNo will just be 0
});
}
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
writeToFile(3);
setState(() {
itemNo = fetchSavedItemNo();
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
print("item number on build " + itemNo.toString());
return new Text("Hello");
}
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我仍然得到在变量完全初始化之前调用build方法的结果,这会导致应用程序崩溃。
Performing full restart...
flutter: category File does not exists
flutter: item number on build null // the build method is called here
Restarted app in 1 894ms.
flutter: fetching saved itemNo 3
flutter: item number on build 3
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
如何在应用启动时在Flutter中初始化变量?
cre*_*not 12
正如GünterZöchbacher正确指出的那样,这FutureBuilder是要走的路。在您的情况下,它看起来像这样:
import 'dart:async'; // you will need to add this import in order to use Future's
Future<int> fetchSavedItemNo() async { // you need to return a Future to the FutureBuilder
dir = wait getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();
jsonFile = new File(dir.path+ "/" + fileName);
fileExists = jsonFile.existsSync();
// you should also not set state because the FutureBuilder will take care of that
if (fileExists)
itemNo = json.decode(jsonFile.readAsStringSync())['item'];
itemNo ??= 0; // this is a great null-aware operator, which assigns 0 if itemNo is null
return itemNo;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return FutureBuilder<int>(
future: fetchSavedItemNo(),
builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<int> snapshot) {
if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.done) {
print('itemNo in FutureBuilder: ${snapshot.data}';
return Text('Hello');
} else
return Text('Loading...');
},
);
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
我还相应地更改了您的fetchSavedItemNo函数以返回Future。
较短的书写方式:
if (itemNo != null)
itemNo = 0;
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
以下是使用null感知运算符的内容:
itemNo ??= 0;
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
如您在我的代码中所见,我在TextWidget 周围加上了FutureBuilder。在Flutter中,您可以使用来解决大多数问题Widget。我还介绍了“正在加载...” Text,可以在仍在加载时替换“ Hello” 。TextitemNo
没有“ hack”会删除加载时间并itemNo在启动时为您提供访问权限。您可以通过惯用的方式执行此操作,或者延迟启动时间。
每次加载某些东西时,您将需要使用占位符来加载,因为它暂时无法使用。
顺便说一句,你也可以去掉“载入中...” Text,并务必将“你好”文本,因为你将永远看不到的“正在加载...” Text在您的情况,它只是碰巧方式太快。
另一个选择是,如果没有数据,则跳过ConnectionState并仅返回a Container:
FutureBuilder<int>(
future: fetchSavedItemNo,
builder: (BuildContext context, AsyncSnapshot<int> snapshot) => snapshot.hasData
? Text(
'Hello, itemNo: ${snapshot.data}',
)
: Container(),
)
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
您可以通过以下方式使异步简单地在initState我的fetchSavedItemNo函数中执行API逻辑initState:
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
fetchSavedItemNo(); // continue your work in the `fetchSavedItemNo` function
}
Run Code Online (Sandbox Code Playgroud)
| 归档时间: |
|
| 查看次数: |
5888 次 |
| 最近记录: |