在 python 3.5 中扩展logging.Logger模块

pra*_*688 5 python logging python-3.x python-3.5

Logger我一直在尝试通过子类化来创建一个新类logging.Logger。Python版本是3.5

我的应用程序中有几个模块,并且仅在主模块中配置日志记录,在主模块中使用设置记录器类logging.setLoggerClass(...)

但是,当我从其他模块检索相同的 Logger 实例时,它仍然创建该类的新实例Logger,而不是我定义的子类实例。

例如我的代码是:

# module 1
import logging
class MyLoggerClass(logging.getLoggerClass()):
     def __init__(name):
         super(MyLoggerClass, self).__init__(name)

     def new_logger_method(...):
         # some new functionality

if __name__ == "__main__":
    logging.setLoggerClass(MyLoggerClass)
    mylogger = logging.getLogger("mylogger")
    # configuration of mylogger instance

# module 2
import logging
applogger = logging.getLogger("mylogger")
print(type(applogger))
def some_function():
     applogger.debug("in module 2 some_function")
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当执行此代码时,我希望applogger模块 2 中的类型为MyLoggerClass。我打算使用它new_logger_method来实现一些新功能。

但是,由于结果applogger是类型logging.Logger,因此当代码运行时,它会抛出Loggerhas no attribute named new_logger_method

有人遇到过这个问题吗?

预先感谢您的任何帮助!普拉纳夫

zwe*_*wer 4

如果logger您希望您的模块能够在任何环境中良好运行,您应该为您的模块(及其子模块)定义一个记录器,并将其用作其他更深层次的所有内容的主记录器,而不是尝试通过更改默认记录器工厂来影响全局在你的模块结构中。问题在于您明确想要使用logging.Logger与默认/全局定义的类不同的类,并且该logging模块没有提供一种简单的方法来进行基于上下文的工厂切换,因此您必须自己完成。

有很多方法可以做到这一点,但我个人的偏好是尽可能明确并定义您自己的logger模块,然后每当您需要获取自定义记录器时,您都可以将其导入到包中的其他模块中。logger.py在您的情况下,您可以在包的根目录下创建并执行以下操作:

import logging

class CustomLogger(logging.Logger):

    def __init__(self, name):
        super(CustomLogger, self).__init__(name)

    def new_logger_method(self, caller=None):
        self.info("new_logger_method() called from: {}.".format(caller))

def getLogger(name=None, custom_logger=True):
    if not custom_logger:
        return logging.getLogger(name)
    logging_class = logging.getLoggerClass()  # store the current logger factory for later
    logging._acquireLock()  # use the global logging lock for thread safety
    try:
        logging.setLoggerClass(CustomLogger)  # temporarily change the logger factory
        logger = logging.getLogger(name)
        logging.setLoggerClass(logging_class)  # be nice, revert the logger factory change
        return logger
    finally:
        logging._releaseLock()
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如果您愿意,可以随意在其中包含其他自定义日志初始化逻辑。然后,您可以从其他模块(和子包)导入此记录器并使用它getLogger()来获取本地自定义记录器。例如,您需要的module1.py是:

from . import logger  # or `from package import logger` for external/non-relative use

log = logger.getLogger(__name__)  # obtain a main logger for this module

def test():  # lets define a function we can later call for testing
    log.new_logger_method("Module 1")
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这涵盖了内部使用 - 只要您在所有模块/子模块中坚持这种模式,您就可以访问自定义记录器。

当涉及到外部使用时,您可以编写一个简单的测试来表明您的自定义记录器已创建,并且它不会干扰日志记录系统的其余部分,因此您的包/模块可以被声明为好公民。假设您module1.py位于一个名为的包中package,并且您想从外部对其进行整体测试:

import logging  # NOTE: we're importing the global, standard `logging` module
import package.module1

logging.basicConfig()  # initialize the most rudimentary root logger
root_logger = logging.getLogger()  # obtain the root logger
root_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)  # set root log level to DEBUG

# lets see the difference in Logger types:
print(root_logger.__class__)  # <class 'logging.RootLogger'>
print(package.module1.log.__class__)  # <class 'package.logger.CustomLogger'>

# you can also obtain the logger by name to make sure it's in the hierarchy
# NOTE: we'll be getting it from the standard logging module so outsiders need
#       not to know that we manage our logging internally
print(logging.getLogger("package.module1").__class__) # <class 'package.logger.CustomLogger'>

# and we can test that it indeed has the custom method:
logging.getLogger("package.module1").new_logger_method("root!")
# INFO:package.module1:new_logger_method() called from: root!.
package.module1.test()  # lets call the test method within the module
# INFO:package.module1:new_logger_method() called from: Module 1.

# however, this will not affect anything outside of your package/module, e.g.:
test_logger = logging.getLogger("test_logger")
print(test_logger.__class__)  # <class 'logging.Logger'>
test_logger.info("I am a test logger!")
# INFO:test_logger:I am a test logger!
test_logger.new_logger_method("root - test")
# AttributeError: 'Logger' object has no attribute 'new_logger_method'
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