Django 2 - 如何使用电子邮件确认和CBV注册用户？

Question

这个问题专门针对Django 2.0的答案,因为该registration模块尚不可用.

更多,这看起来似乎很广泛,但我经常发现自己处于不能使用任何第三方模块的情况,因为......哦,好吧..政策.我相信很多人都这样做了.而且我知道,从这里查看和汇总从django docs获取的信息令人头疼.

---

工作流程:

我们假设我们需要以下流程:

1. 用户转到注册页面,并在以下领域填补:first_name,last_name并email(将电子邮件作为用户名).
2. 用户提交表单并收到包含唯一令牌的URL的确认电子邮件.
3. 当用户点击收到的链接时,他被重定向到他将设置密码的页面.完成后,他登录仪表板页面.

额外信息:用户稍后将使用他的电子邮件(实际上是他的用户名)和密码登录.

---

具体问题:

• 模型/视图(使用CBV)/表单/ URL如何显示？

Answer 1

用户模型

首先,您需要创建自定义User模型和自定义UserManager以删除username字段并使用email.

在models.py中UserManager应该是这样的:

from django.contrib.auth.models import BaseUserManager


class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):
    """
    A custom user manager to deal with emails as unique identifiers for auth
    instead of usernames. The default that's used is "UserManager"
    """
    def _create_user(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given email and password.
        """
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The Email must be set')
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email, **extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save()
        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, password, **extra_fields):
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_active', True)

        if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
        if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')
return self._create_user(email, password, **extra_fields)

而User型号:

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser
from django.contrib.auth.models import PermissionsMixin
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _


class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True, null=True)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(
        _('staff status'),
        default=False,
        help_text=_('Designates whether the user can log into this site.'),
    )
    is_active = models.BooleanField(
        _('active'),
        default=True,
        help_text=_(
            'Designates whether this user should be treated as active. '
            'Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.'
        ),
    )
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    objects = MyUserManager()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def get_full_name(self):
        return self.email

    def get_short_name(self):
return self.email

最后在settings.py:

AUTH_USER_MODEL = ‘your_app_name.User’

令牌生成器

第二部分是为电子邮件确认URL创建令牌生成器.我们可以继承内置功能,PasswordResetTokenGenerator使其更容易.

创建tokens.py:

from django.contrib.auth.tokens import PasswordResetTokenGenerator
from django.utils import six

class TokenGenerator(PasswordResetTokenGenerator):
    def _make_hash_value(self, user, timestamp):
        return (
            six.text_type(user.pk) + six.text_type(timestamp) +
            six.text_type(user.is_active)
        )

account_activation_token = TokenGenerator()

注册表格

然后,您应该创建一个注册表单以在我们的视图中使用.最好的方法是继承内置的Django UserCreationForm并从中删除username和password字段,然后添加一个email字段. forms.py:

from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class SignupForm(UserCreationForm):
    email = forms.EmailField(max_length=200, help_text='Required')

    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('email', 'first_name', 'last_name')

注册视图

在注册时,您应该使用户user.is_active = False在没有密码的情况下处于非活动状态,set_unusable_password()直到用户完成激活.此外,我们将构建一个激活URL,并在完成注册后通过电子邮件将其发送给用户.

在views.py:

from django.views import View
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import SignupForm
from django.contrib.sites.shortcuts import get_current_site
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode
from .tokens import account_activation_token
from django.core.mail import EmailMessage


class Signup(View):
    def get(self, request):
        form = SignupForm()
        return render(request, 'signup.html', {'form': form})

    def post(self, request):
        form = SignupForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # Create an inactive user with no password:
            user = form.save(commit=False)
            user.is_active = False
            user.set_unusable_password()
            user.save()

            # Send an email to the user with the token:
            mail_subject = 'Activate your account.'
            current_site = get_current_site(request)
            uid = urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk))
            token = account_activation_token.make_token(user)
            activation_link = "{0}/?uid={1}&token{2}".format(current_site, uid, token)
            message = "Hello {0},\n {1}".format(user.username, activation_link)
            to_email = form.cleaned_data.get('email')
            email = EmailMessage(mail_subject, message, to=[to_email])
            email.send()
            return HttpResponse('Please confirm your email address to complete the registration')

当然,不要忘记为您的注册视图创建模板.

激活视图

然后,您应该为用户创建一个视图,以使用我们在注册视图中创建的URL激活其帐户.我们还将使用内置的Django SetPasswordForm来允许用户设置他们的密码.

在views.py:

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model, login, update_session_auth_hash
from django.contrib.auth.forms import PasswordChangeForm
from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_text
from django.utils.http import urlsafe_base64_encode, urlsafe_base64_decode
from .tokens import account_activation_token

User = get_user_model()

class Activate(View):
    def get(self, request, uidb64, token):
        try:
            uid = force_text(urlsafe_base64_decode(uidb64))
            user = User.objects.get(pk=uid)
        except(TypeError, ValueError, OverflowError, User.DoesNotExist):
            user = None
        if user is not None and account_activation_token.check_token(user, token):
            # activate user and login:
            user.is_active = True
            user.save()
            login(request, user)

            form = PasswordChangeForm(request.user)
            return render(request, 'activation.html', {'form': form})

        else:
            return HttpResponse('Activation link is invalid!')

    def post(self, request):
        form = PasswordChangeForm(request.user, request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            user = form.save()
            update_session_auth_hash(request, user) # Important, to update the session with the new password
            return HttpResponse('Password changed successfully')

同样,不要忘记为激活视图创建模板.

网址

最后,在urls.py:

from . import views
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    ...
    path('signup/', views.signup.as_view(), name='signup'),
    path('activate/<str:uid>/<str:token>', views.activate.as_view(), name='activate'),
]

PS老实说,我没有机会一起测试所有这些部件,但不要犹豫,问问是否有任何问题发生.