PostGIS 中的缓冲区（圆）

Question

我必须扩展正常的 GeoJSON 格式以添加一些不受支持的多边形，如 Circle。

{
 "type": "Circle",
 "radius" : 0.001,
 "coordinates": [
        5.417075157165527,
       43.29129488122568
 ]
}

这是一个例子。坐标标记圆心，半径表示半径（以米为单位）。

在 PostGis Docs 和 Stackoverflow 上搜索，要绘制一个圆，您必须使用 ST_BUFFER。

所以我使用：

ST_Buffer(ST_GeomFromGeoJSON(<center of circle>),0.001, 'quad_segs=16')

你知道吗，这只能在 0,0（非洲附近）画一个圆。其他位置添加了改变椭圆形状的扭曲。

我用的是 4326。

我试图搜索（即使在这里），但我无法找到一个解决方案来简单地绘制一个圆，避免投影或转换它。

这里唯一的帖子是：如何在 postgis 中以米为单位创建一个圆圈？ 但它很旧，该解决方案不起作用。

Answer 1

不就是做应该做的事吗？哪个是为了补偿由于将椭球投影到 2D 平面结构而造成的失真？我相信，离赤道越远，你会看到更多的椭圆形缓冲区。

例子：

db=# SELECT ST_AsText(
     ST_Buffer(
        ST_GeomFromText('SRID=4326;POINT(43.29 5.41)'),0.001, 'quad_segs=16')
    );

此查询返回埃塞俄比亚东南部的一个圆圈：

POLYGON((43.291 5.41,43.2909951847267
5.40990198285967,43.2909807852804 5.40980490967798,43.2909569403357 5.40970971532275,43.2909238795325 5.40961731656764,43.2908819212644 5.40952860326317,43.2908314696123 5.40944442976698,43.2907730104534 5.40936560671584,43.2907071067812 5.40929289321881,43.2906343932842 5.40922698954664,43.290555570233 5.4091685303877,43.2904713967368 5.40911807873565,43.2903826834324 5.40907612046749,43.2902902846773 5.40904305966427,43.290195090322 5.4090192147196,43.2900980171403 5.40900481527333,43.29 5.409,43.2899019828597 5.40900481527333,43.289804909678 5.4090192147196,43.2897097153227 5.40904305966427,43.2896173165676 5.40907612046749,43.2895286032632 5.40911807873565,43.289444429767 5.4091685303877,43.2893656067158 5.40922698954664,43.2892928932188 5.40929289321881,43.2892269895466 5.40936560671584,43.2891685303877 5.40944442976698,43.2891180787356 5.40952860326317,43.2890761204675 5.40961731656764,43.2890430596643 5.40970971532275,43.2890192147196 5.40980490967798,43.2890048152733 5.40990198285967,43.289 5.41,43.2890048152733 5.41009801714033,43.2890192147196 5.41019509032202,43.2890430596643 5.41029028467725,43.2890761204675 5.41038268343237,43.2891180787356 5.41047139673683,43.2891685303877 5.41055557023302,43.2892269895466 5.41063439328416,43.2892928932188 5.41070710678119,43.2893656067158 5.41077301045336,43.289444429767 5.4108314696123,43.2895286032632 5.41088192126435,43.2896173165676 5.41092387953251,43.2897097153227 5.41095694033573,43.289804909678 5.4109807852804,43.2899019828597 5.41099518472667,43.29 5.411,43.2900980171403 5.41099518472667,43.290195090322 5.4109807852804,43.2902902846773 5.41095694033573,43.2903826834324 5.41092387953251,43.2904713967368 5.41088192126435,43.290555570233 5.4108314696123,43.2906343932842 5.41077301045336,43.2907071067812 5.41070710678119,43.2907730104534 5.41063439328416,43.2908314696123 5.41055557023302,43.2908819212644 5.41047139673683,43.2909238795325 5.41038268343237,43.2909569403357 5.41029028467725,43.2909807852804 5.41019509032202,43.2909951847267 5.41009801714033,43.291 5.41))

在距离赤道稍远一点的突尼斯，同样的程序POINT(9.76 36.61)：

POLYGON((9.761 36.61,9.76099518472667 36.6099019828597,9.7609807852804 36.609804909678,9.76095694033573 36.6097097153227,9.76092387953251 36.6096173165676,9.76088192126435 36.6095286032632,9.7608314696123 36.609444429767,9.76077301045336 36.6093656067158,9.76070710678119 36.6092928932188,9.76063439328416 36.6092269895466,9.76055557023302 36.6091685303877,9.76047139673683 36.6091180787356,9.76038268343236 36.6090761204675,9.76029028467725 36.6090430596643,9.76019509032202 36.6090192147196,9.76009801714033 36.6090048152733,9.76 36.609,9.75990198285967 36.6090048152733,9.75980490967798 36.6090192147196,9.75970971532275 36.6090430596643,9.75961731656763 36.6090761204675,9.75952860326317 36.6091180787356,9.75944442976698 36.6091685303877,9.75936560671584 36.6092269895466,9.75929289321881 36.6092928932188,9.75922698954664 36.6093656067158,9.7591685303877 36.609444429767,9.75911807873565 36.6095286032632,9.75907612046749 36.6096173165676,9.75904305966427 36.6097097153227,9.7590192147196 36.609804909678,9.75900481527333 36.6099019828597,9.759 36.61,9.75900481527333 36.6100980171403,9.7590192147196 36.610195090322,9.75904305966427 36.6102902846773,9.75907612046749 36.6103826834324,9.75911807873565 36.6104713967368,9.7591685303877 36.610555570233,9.75922698954664 36.6106343932842,9.75929289321881 36.6107071067812,9.75936560671584 36.6107730104534,9.75944442976698 36.6108314696123,9.75952860326317 36.6108819212644,9.75961731656763 36.6109238795325,9.75970971532275 36.6109569403357,9.75980490967798 36.6109807852804,9.75990198285967 36.6109951847267,9.76 36.611,9.76009801714033 36.6109951847267,9.76019509032202 36.6109807852804,9.76029028467725 36.6109569403357,9.76038268343236 36.6109238795325,9.76047139673683 36.6108819212644,9.76055557023302 36.6108314696123,9.76063439328416 36.6107730104534,9.76070710678119 36.6107071067812,9.76077301045336 36.6106343932842,9.7608314696123 36.610555570233,9.76088192126435 36.6104713967368,9.76092387953251 36.6103826834324,9.76095694033573 36.6102902846773,9.7609807852804 36.610195090322,9.76099518472667 36.6100980171403,9.761 36.61))

而这个更远的地方，在挪威北部POINT(23.20 69.94)：

POLYGON((23.201 69.94,23.2009951847267 69.9399019828597,23.2009807852804 69.939804909678,23.2009569403357 69.9397097153227,23.2009238795325 69.9396173165676,23.2008819212643 69.9395286032632,23.2008314696123 69.939444429767,23.2007730104534 69.9393656067158,23.2007071067812 69.9392928932188,23.2006343932842 69.9392269895466,23.200555570233 69.9391685303877,23.2004713967368 69.9391180787356,23.2003826834324 69.9390761204675,23.2002902846773 69.9390430596643,23.200195090322 69.9390192147196,23.2000980171403 69.9390048152733,23.2 69.939,23.1999019828597 69.9390048152733,23.199804909678 69.9390192147196,23.1997097153227 69.9390430596643,23.1996173165676 69.9390761204675,23.1995286032632 69.9391180787356,23.199444429767 69.9391685303877,23.1993656067158 69.9392269895466,23.1992928932188 69.9392928932188,23.1992269895466 69.9393656067158,23.1991685303877 69.939444429767,23.1991180787357 69.9395286032632,23.1990761204675 69.9396173165676,23.1990430596643 69.9397097153227,23.1990192147196 69.939804909678,23.1990048152733 69.9399019828597,23.199 69.94,23.1990048152733 69.9400980171403,23.1990192147196 69.940195090322,23.1990430596643 69.9402902846772,23.1990761204675 69.9403826834324,23.1991180787357 69.9404713967368,23.1991685303877 69.940555570233,23.1992269895466 69.9406343932842,23.1992928932188 69.9407071067812,23.1993656067158 69.9407730104534,23.199444429767 69.9408314696123,23.1995286032632 69.9408819212643,23.1996173165676 69.9409238795325,23.1997097153227 69.9409569403357,23.199804909678 69.9409807852804,23.1999019828597 69.9409951847267,23.2 69.941,23.2000980171403 69.9409951847267,23.200195090322 69.9409807852804,23.2002902846773 69.9409569403357,23.2003826834324 69.9409238795325,23.2004713967368 69.9408819212643,23.200555570233 69.9408314696123,23.2006343932842 69.9407730104534,23.2007071067812 69.9407071067812,23.2007730104534 69.9406343932842,23.2008314696123 69.940555570233,23.2008819212643 69.9404713967368,23.2009238795325 69.9403826834324,23.2009569403357 69.9402902846772,23.2009807852804 69.940195090322,23.2009951847267 69.9400980171403,23.201 69.94))

为了让您的缓冲区忽略投影引起的失真，请考虑以下查询（POINT在意大利）：

SELECT 
  ST_Buffer(
    ST_GeomFromGeoJSON('{"type":"Point","coordinates":[11.26,44.42]}')::geography,
1000,'quad_segs=16')::geometry;

说明：

使用GEOMETRY和 的计算GEOGRAPHY方式不同，结果也不同。GEOGRAPHY计算球面上的坐标（可能比 慢得多GEOMETRY）并meters用作测量单位，而GEOMETRY使用平面投影并使用 SRS 单位。

注意：GEOMETRY对于 OP 的用例，最后一个查询末尾的转换是必要的，请参阅下面的注释。