调用 &'a mut self 方法后，不能一次多次借用可变变量

Question

我的Graph对象的生命周期/借用有问题。

fn main() {
    let mut g = Graph {
        nodePointer: &mut 0,
        edgePointer: &mut 0,
        nodes: &mut Vec::new(),
        edges: &mut Vec::new(),
    };
    let node1 = g.add_node((1, 1));
    let node2 = g.get_node(0);
}

pub struct Graph<'a> {
    pub nodePointer: &'a mut usize,
    pub edgePointer: &'a mut usize,
    pub nodes: &'a mut Vec<Node>,
    pub edges: &'a mut Vec<Edge>,
}

impl<'a> Graph<'a> {
    pub fn add_node(&'a mut self, data: (u64, u64)) -> usize {
        let id: usize = *self.nodePointer;
        self.nodes.push(Node {
            id: id,
            datum: data,
        });
        *self.nodePointer += 1;
        return id;
    }

    pub fn get_node(&'a mut self, id: usize) -> &'a Node {
        return &self.nodes[id];
    }

    pub fn add_edge(&'a mut self, source: u64, target: u64, weight: u16) -> usize {
        let id: usize = *self.nodePointer;
        self.edges.push(Edge {
            id: id,
            source,
            target,
            weight,
        });
        *self.edgePointer = *self.edgePointer + 1;
        return id;
    }
}

pub struct Node {
    pub id: usize,
    pub datum: (u64, u64),
}

pub struct Edge {
    pub id: usize,
    pub source: u64,
    pub target: u64,
    pub weight: u16,
}

fn main() {
    let mut g = Graph {
        nodePointer: &mut 0,
        edgePointer: &mut 0,
        nodes: &mut Vec::new(),
        edges: &mut Vec::new(),
    };
    let node1 = g.add_node((1, 1));
    let node2 = g.get_node(0);
}

pub struct Graph<'a> {
    pub nodePointer: &'a mut usize,
    pub edgePointer: &'a mut usize,
    pub nodes: &'a mut Vec<Node>,
    pub edges: &'a mut Vec<Edge>,
}

impl<'a> Graph<'a> {
    pub fn add_node(&'a mut self, data: (u64, u64)) -> usize {
        let id: usize = *self.nodePointer;
        self.nodes.push(Node {
            id: id,
            datum: data,
        });
        *self.nodePointer += 1;
        return id;
    }

    pub fn get_node(&'a mut self, id: usize) -> &'a Node {
        return &self.nodes[id];
    }

    pub fn add_edge(&'a mut self, source: u64, target: u64, weight: u16) -> usize {
        let id: usize = *self.nodePointer;
        self.edges.push(Edge {
            id: id,
            source,
            target,
            weight,
        });
        *self.edgePointer = *self.edgePointer + 1;
        return id;
    }
}

pub struct Node {
    pub id: usize,
    pub datum: (u64, u64),
}

pub struct Edge {
    pub id: usize,
    pub source: u64,
    pub target: u64,
    pub weight: u16,
}

Answer 1

您的问题源于滥用生命周期，特别是在您的签名中add_node：

pub fn add_node(&'a mut self, data: (u64, u64)) -> usize

在此签名中，您声明它add_node带有&'a mut self一个Graph<'a>; 换句话说，你是在告诉 Rust 这个方法需要对图进行可变借用，在图的生命周期结束之前不能删除'a。但由于图本身持有对图的引用，因此该引用将被删除的唯一时间是图本身被删除时。

由于add_node不需要您返回对结构中任何对象的引用，因此保持借用是无关紧要的。如果您更改add_node方法以删除显式生命周期：

pub fn add_node(&mut self, data: (u64, u64)) -> usize

那么你的例子不再引发错误，因为add_node现在只是借用self直到它完成函数。（在幕后，这有效地创建了第二个生命周期'b并使签名变为&'b mut self）

见操场证明。