如何在ASP.Net MVC 3中返回HttpNotFound()的视图？

Question

每次从控制器返回HttpNotFoundResult时,有没有办法返回相同的视图？你如何指定这个视图？我猜测在web.config中配置404页面可能有效,但我想知道是否有更好的方法来处理这个结果.

编辑/跟进:

我最后使用了这个问题的第二个答案中找到的解决方案,并对ASP.Net MVC 3进行了一些微调,以处理我的404:如何正确处理ASP.Net MVC中的404？

Answer 1

HttpNotFoundResult不呈现视图.它只是将状态代码设置为404并返回一个空结果,这对AJAX之类的东西很有用,但是如果你想要一个自定义404错误页面,你可以throw new HttpException(404, "Not found")在web.config中自动呈现配置的视图:

<customErrors mode="RemoteOnly" redirectMode="ResponseRewrite">
   <error statusCode="404" redirect="/Http404.html" />
</customErrors>

Answer 2

此解决方案结合了IResultFilter和IExceptionFilter来捕获抛出的HttpException或从操作中返回HttpStatusCodeResult.

public class CustomViewForHttpStatusResultFilter: IResultFilter, IExceptionFilter
{
    string viewName;
    int statusCode;

    public CustomViewForHttpStatusResultFilter(HttpStatusCodeResult prototype, string viewName)
        : this(prototype.StatusCode, viewName) {
    }

    public CustomViewForHttpStatusResultFilter(int statusCode, string viewName) {
        this.viewName = viewName;
        this.statusCode = statusCode;
    }

    public void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext) {
        HttpStatusCodeResult httpStatusCodeResult = filterContext.Result as HttpStatusCodeResult;

        if (httpStatusCodeResult != null && httpStatusCodeResult.StatusCode == statusCode) {
            ExecuteCustomViewResult(filterContext.Controller.ControllerContext);

        }
    }

    public void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext) {
    }

    public void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext) {
        HttpException httpException = filterContext.Exception as HttpException;

        if (httpException != null && httpException.GetHttpCode() == statusCode) {
            ExecuteCustomViewResult(filterContext.Controller.ControllerContext);
            // This causes ELMAH not to log exceptions, so commented out
            //filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;
        }
    }

    void ExecuteCustomViewResult(ControllerContext controllerContext) {
        ViewResult viewResult = new ViewResult();
        viewResult.ViewName = viewName;
        viewResult.ViewData = controllerContext.Controller.ViewData;
        viewResult.TempData = controllerContext.Controller.TempData;
        viewResult.ExecuteResult(controllerContext);
        controllerContext.HttpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;            
    }
}

您可以注册此过滤器,指定要为其显示自定义视图的HttpException的http状态代码或具体的HttpStatusCodeResult.

GlobalFilters.Filters.Add(new CustomViewForHttpStatusResultFilter(new HttpNotFoundResult(), "Error404"));
// alternate syntax
GlobalFilters.Filters.Add(new CustomViewForHttpStatusResultFilter(404, "Error404"));

它处理在动作中抛出或返回的异常和HttpStatusCodeResult.它不会处理在MVC选择合适的操作和控制器之前发生的错误,例如:

• 未知路线
• 未知的控制器
• 未知的行动

要处理这些类型的NotFound错误,请将此解决方案与stackoverflow中的其他解决方案结合使用.

Answer 3

@Darin Dimitrov HttpNotFoundResult实际返回空结果的有用信息.

经过一番研究.对于解决办法MVC 3这里是推导出所有的HttpNotFoundResult,HttpUnauthorizedResult,HttpStatusCodeResult类和实现新的(重写它)HttpNotFound在()方法BaseController.

最佳做法是使用基本控制器,以便"控制"所有派生控制器.

我创建了一个新HttpStatusCodeResult类,不是通过指定属性来派生,ActionResult而是通过ViewResult渲染视图或任何View你想要的ViewName.我按照原始HttpStatusCodeResult设置HttpContext.Response.StatusCode,HttpContext.Response.StatusDescription然后base.ExecuteResult(context)将呈现合适的视图,因为我再次得出ViewResult.这很简单吗？希望这将在MVC核心中实现.

看到我的BaseController吼叫:

using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;

namespace YourNamespace.Controllers
{
    public class BaseController : Controller
    {
        public BaseController()
        {
            ViewBag.MetaDescription = Settings.metaDescription;
            ViewBag.MetaKeywords = Settings.metaKeywords;
        }

        protected new HttpNotFoundResult HttpNotFound(string statusDescription = null)
        {
            return new HttpNotFoundResult(statusDescription);
        }

        protected HttpUnauthorizedResult HttpUnauthorized(string statusDescription = null)
        {
            return new HttpUnauthorizedResult(statusDescription);
        }

        protected class HttpNotFoundResult : HttpStatusCodeResult
        {
            public HttpNotFoundResult() : this(null) { }

            public HttpNotFoundResult(string statusDescription) : base(404, statusDescription) { }

        }

        protected class HttpUnauthorizedResult : HttpStatusCodeResult
        {
            public HttpUnauthorizedResult(string statusDescription) : base(401, statusDescription) { }
        }

        protected class HttpStatusCodeResult : ViewResult
        {
            public int StatusCode { get; private set; }
            public string StatusDescription { get; private set; }

            public HttpStatusCodeResult(int statusCode) : this(statusCode, null) { }

            public HttpStatusCodeResult(int statusCode, string statusDescription)
            {
                this.StatusCode = statusCode;
                this.StatusDescription = statusDescription;
            }

            public override void ExecuteResult(ControllerContext context)
            {
                if (context == null)
                {
                    throw new ArgumentNullException("context");
                }

                context.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = this.StatusCode;
                if (this.StatusDescription != null)
                {
                    context.HttpContext.Response.StatusDescription = this.StatusDescription;
                }
                // 1. Uncomment this to use the existing Error.ascx / Error.cshtml to view as an error or
                // 2. Uncomment this and change to any custom view and set the name here or simply
                // 3. (Recommended) Let it commented and the ViewName will be the current controller view action and on your view (or layout view even better) show the @ViewBag.Message to produce an inline message that tell the Not Found or Unauthorized
                //this.ViewName = "Error";
                this.ViewBag.Message = context.HttpContext.Response.StatusDescription;
                base.ExecuteResult(context);
            }
        }
    }
}

要像你这样在你的行动中使用:

public ActionResult Index()
{
    // Some processing
    if (...)
        return HttpNotFound();
    // Other processing
}

并在_Layout.cshtml(如母版页)

<div class="content">
    @if (ViewBag.Message != null)
    {
        <div class="inlineMsg"><p>@ViewBag.Message</p></div>
    }
    @RenderBody()
</div>

此外,您可以像我在代码中注释的那样使用自定义视图Error.shtml或创建新视图NotFound.cshtml,您可以为状态描述和其他解释定义视图模型.