C++析构函数通过引用

yo_*_*gdg 0 c++ move move-semantics c++17

我想与你分享一个我无法解决的小问题,这里是代码(仅供测试):

#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <type_traits>
#include <sstream>

struct Procedure {
    Procedure(HANDLE)
    { std::cout << "ctor w/connection: " << this << std::endl; }

    ~Procedure()
    { std::cout << "dtor: " << this << std::endl; }

    Procedure(Procedure &&rhs) {
        std::cout << "ctor w/move: " << this << std::endl;
        this->m_Params = std::move(rhs.m_Params);
    }

    Procedure& operator= (Procedure &&rhs) {
        std::cout << "operator= w/move: " << this << std::endl;
        if (this != &rhs) this->m_Params = std::move(rhs.m_Params);
        return *this;
    }

    Procedure& AppendParam(const std::string &str) {
        std::cout << "appendparam: " << this << std::endl;
        m_Params.push_back(str);
        return *this;
    }

    void Execute( const std::string &str) {
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << str << '(';
        for (int i = 0, mx = m_Params.size(); i < mx; ++i) {
            ss << '\'' << m_Params[i] << '\'';
            if (i < mx - 1) ss << ',';
        }
        ss << ");";
        std::cout << "calling: " << this << " : " << ss.str() << std::endl;
    }


private:
    Procedure(const Procedure &) = delete;
    Procedure& operator=(const Procedure &) = delete;
    std::vector<std::string> m_Params;
};

Procedure ProcedureCaller()
{ return Procedure(nullptr); }


int __cdecl main() {
    std::cout << "test1---------------------" << std::endl; {
        auto &proc = ProcedureCaller().AppendParam("param_1").AppendParam("param_2");
        proc.Execute("sp_test");
    }

    std::cout << "test2--------------------" << std::endl; {
        auto proc = ProcedureCaller();
        proc.AppendParam("param_A").AppendParam("param_B");
        proc.Execute("sp_test_2");
    }

    std::cout << "test3--------------------" << std::endl; {
        ProcedureCaller().AppendParam("param_AA").AppendParam("param_BB").Execute("sp_test_2");
    }
    return 0;
}
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这是我得到的结果:

test1---------------------
ctor w/connection: 00F8FC98
appendparam: 00F8FC98
appendparam: 00F8FC98
dtor: 00F8FC98
calling: 00F8FC98 : sp_test();
test2--------------------
ctor w/connection: 00F8FD70
appendparam: 00F8FD70
appendparam: 00F8FD70
calling: 00F8FD70 : sp_test_2('param_A','param_B');
dtor: 00F8FD70
test3--------------------
ctor w/connection: 004FFB20
appendparam: 004FFB20
appendparam: 004FFB20
calling: 004FFB20 : sp_test_2('param_AA','param_BB');
dtor: 004FFB20
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我有几个问题:
1-为什么"test1"的dtor在其范围结束之前被调用?我的意思是,代码甚至没有调用该Execute方法.
2-如果"test1"的dtor是一个临时对象,为什么我没有看到日志move ctor,或者至少是编译器错误,因为它试图使用已删除的copy ctor
3-"test1"和"test2"之间的区别是什么,我希望能够以Execute任何我想要的方式调用它.
4-我错过了什么?
谢谢.

Bar*_*rry 5

这是一个更简单的版本,演示了同样的问题:

struct X {
    X() = default;
    ~X() { std::cout << "dtor\n"; }
    X& self() { return *this; }
};

int main()
{
    X& x = X().self();
    std::cout << "here?\n";
}
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该程序在打印dtor之前打印here.为什么?问题是,我们有一个X()不会延长生命周期的临时(),因此它会在包含它的表达式的末尾被破坏(这是X().self()).当你得到它的引用时,它不是延长生命周期的魔法引用之一 - 你得到的只是对一个立即超出范围的对象的引用.

终身延长仅在非常有限的情况下发生.临时必须立即绑定到引用,这只能用于const引用:

X const& x = X();
std::cout << "here\n";
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现在打印here之前dtor.

此外,没有传递寿命延长.即使在最初的例子中我们做了:

X const& x = X().self();
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我们仍然会有一个悬空参考.