RHEL/Pyenv：没有名为“_tkinter”的模块

Question

我正在尝试使用 pyenv 安装版本的 python 3.6.5 在 RHEL 上使用 Matplotlib。（使用以下命令安装）

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\xe2\x86\x92 pyenv install 3.6.5\n\nInstalling Python-3.6.5...\npython-build: use readline from homebrew\nInstalled Python-3.6.5 to /home/swp1g17/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5\n\xe2\x86\x92 pyenv global 3.6.5\n

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我遇到以下错误，并发现许多具有类似问题的问题：

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Python 3.6.5 (default, Apr  5 2018, 17:22:36) \n[GCC 5.5.0] on linux\nType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.\n>>> import tkinter\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>\n  File "/home/swp1g17/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/lib/python3.6/tkinter/__init__.py", line 36, in <module>\n    import _tkinter # If this fails your Python may not be configured for Tk\nModuleNotFoundError: No module named \'_tkinter\'\n

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然而，建议的解决方案通常是使用包管理器安装 tkinter。\n但是我尝试安装：

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   2872  sudo yum install rh-python36-python-tkinter\n   2873  sudo yum install rh-python35-python-tkinter                                                                                               \n   2874  sudo yum install rh-python34-python-tkinter                                                                                               \n   2891  sudo yum install tkinter                                                                                                                  \n   2893  sudo yum install python36-tkinter                                                                                                         \n   2902  sudo yum install gcc zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel readline-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel ncurses-devel gl.. \n   2916  sudo yum install tkinter.x86_64 rh-python36-python-tkinter.x86_64 rh-python35-python-tkinter.x86_64 rh-python34-python-tkinter.x86_64 p.. \n   2921  sudo yum install tcl                                                                                                                      \n   2933  sudo yum install tk-devel                                                                                                                 \n   2934  sudo yum install tk                                                                                                                       \n   3000  sudo yum install tkinter                                                                                                                  \n   3026  sudo yum install tix                                                                                                                      \n   3031  sudo yum install tk                                                                                                                       \n   3032  sudo yum install tk-devel                                                                                                                 \n>  3033  sudo yum install tcl-devel\n

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每个都已经安装或没有区别（每次安装新包时都重新构建 python。

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系统 python 能够找到 tkinter：

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\xe2\x86\x92 /usr/bin/python3.6\nPython 3.6.3 (default, Jan  4 2018, 16:40:53) \n[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux\nType "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.\n>>> import tkinter\n>>> \n

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所以我不确定如何使用 pyenv 安装 python 并让它使用相同版本的 tkinter？

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---

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更新：\n发现可以使用 $PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS 设置构建配置选项，我尝试使用（对于下载的 linuxbrew tcl/tk）指定库位置：

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export PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--with-tcltk-includes=-I/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/tcl-tk/include --with-tcltk-libs=-L/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/tcl-tk/lib"\npyenv install 3.6.5\n

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和（使用系统 tcl/tk）：

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export PYTHON_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--with-tcltk-includes=-I/usr/include --with-tcltk-libs=-L/usr/lib64"\npyenv install 3.6.5\n

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每个人都没有运气。系统 tcl/tk 被发现使用：

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\xe2\x86\x92 whereis tcl        \ntcl: /usr/lib64/tcl8.5 /usr/include/tcl.h /usr/share/tcl8.5\n\xe2\x86\x92 whereis tcl        \ntcl: /usr/lib64/tcl8.5 /usr/include/tcl.h /usr/share/tcl8.5\n

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Answer 1

pyenv以下是我在 Ubuntu 19.04 和 Fedora 29 上使用 1.2.11 的分步指南：

1. 安装pyenv

   • 使用安装程序

     git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-installer
     chmod +x pyenv-installer/bin/pyenv-installer
     pyenv-installer/bin/pyenv-installer
     

   • 用手

     git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv
     

2. 设置pyenv

   $ cat >> ~/.bashrc
   # Load pyenv automatically
   export PATH="~/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
   eval "$(pyenv init -)"
   

   ^Ctrl+D

   $ source ~/.bashrc
   
   $ pyenv --version
   pyenv 1.2.11-8-g070e1c85
   

3. 安装依赖项

   • Ubuntu 19.04 迪斯科野狗

     sudo apt install tk-dev         # <-- This has fixed my issue
     sudo apt install libbz2-dev
     sudo apt install libreadline-dev
     sudo apt install libsqlite3-dev
     

   • 软呢帽29

     sudo dnf install tk-devel       # <-- This may fix your issue
     sudo dnf install libbz2-dev
     sudo dnf install readline-devel
     sudo dnf install libsqlite3x-devel
     sudo dnf install openssl-devel
     sudo dnf install make
     

4. 使用以下命令安装 Python-3.6.8pyenv

   pyenv install 3.6.8
   

5. 检查安装

   $ pyenv local 3.6.8  # Create file .python-version
   $ python --version
   Python 3.6.8
   

6. 安装模块

   python -m pip install --user --upgrade pip
   python -m pip install --user pipenv
   ...
   

7. pipenv使用示例

   cd /path/where/your/Pipfile/is/located/
   pyenv local 3.6.8
   python -m pipenv --rm  # first time: No virtualenv has been created...
   python -m pipenv update --dev
   python -m pipenv run python -m nose   # my unit tests