配置QEMU(Guest Debian-9.0 Sparc64 - Host MacOS High Sierra)从guest到host执行ssh

Question

首先,用QEMU Virtual Machine (Debian Sparc64 Etch 4.0),我已经能够成功地获得ssh并scp从游客的命令到主机(MacOS Hight Sierra OS 10.13.3).

我只想在来宾和主机之间传输文件.

为了得到它,我已经按照本教程:

1)我已安装 TUN/TAP drivers

2)像这样启动QEMU:

qemu-system-sparc -boot c -hda debian_etch.img -m 512M -net nic -net tap,script=no,downscript=no

3)VM启动后,在MacOS主机上执行: ifconfig tap0 192.168.10.1

4)在Debian Etch主机上,进入/etc/network/interfaces:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.10.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.1

并做: /etc/init.d/networking restart

5)最后,请客人: $ scp -r dir user_host@192.168.10.1:~/

现在,我想和一位Debian Sparc64 Stretch 9.0客人做同样的事情.

似乎ifconfig不推荐使用最新版本的Debian.

无论如何,我尝试使用以下命令启动Sparc64映像:

qemu-system-sparc64 \
-drive file=debian-9.0-sparc64.qcow2,if=none,id=drive-ide0-0-1,format=qcow2,cache=none \
-m 1024 \
-boot c \
-net nic \
-net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no \
-nographic

并做再次的步骤1),3),4),但遗憾的是,ssh并scp从客户不起作用.

我必须注意到,对于此Debian Sparc64 9.0guest虚拟机,网络逻辑名称正在发生变化(可能是每次启动).例如,/etc/network/interfaces包含:

auto enp0s5
allow-hotplug enp0s5
iface enp0s5 inet static
address 192.168.10.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.10.1

最后,我从客人那里得到以下结果:

# ssh user_host@192.168.10.1
  ssh: connect to host 192.168.10.1 port 22: No route to host

ip a 给出:

# ip a

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global enp0s5
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fec0::5054:ff:fe12:3456/64 scope site mngtmpaddr dynamic 
       valid_lft 86207sec preferred_lft 14207sec
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

如果有人能够给我一些线索来解决它,并得到ssh/scp命令,从客户合作,以举办(我还没有网络上的客户,并没有sshd server,所以我想只有方向guest-->host的ssh/scp).

更新1:

我继续调试这个问题.

1)首先,从这个环节,我重命名在每次启动来宾的网络接口"Debian 9.0 Sparc64"到eth0:

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/10-network.rules

   SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", ATTR{address}=="52:54:00:12:34:56", NAME="eth0"

由MAC adress给定的:

$ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:12:34:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.2/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2)我tcpdump在主机MacOS High Sierra的TAP界面上使用:

# tcpdump -vv -i tap0
tcpdump: listening on tap0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes
00:23:06.112155 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:06.112228 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:07.128440 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:07.128499 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:08.152323 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:08.152381 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:11.119346 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:11.119396 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:12.120190 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:12.120250 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:13.145028 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:13.145075 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:16.127525 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:16.127575 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28
00:23:17.145202 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 192.168.10.1 tell 192.168.10.2, length 46
00:23:17.145272 ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 192.168.10.1 is-at fe:22:e7:8c:7f:fa (oui Unknown), length 28

我应该得出结论,客人(192.168.10.2客人/etc/network/interfaces)和主人(192.168.10.1设置ifconfig tap0 192.168.10.1)正在沟通,因为我看到tcpdump上面的两个地址？

如果我tcpdump -vv -i tap0在guest上重新启动networkin时在主机上执行操作,我会得到:

00:27:07.648620 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header Options (0) payload length: 36) :: > ff02::16: HBH (rtalert: 0x0000) (padn) [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s) [gaddr ff02::1:ff12:3456 to_ex { }]
00:27:07.804644 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header Options (0) payload length: 36) :: > ff02::16: HBH (rtalert: 0x0000) (padn) [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s) [gaddr ff02::1:ff12:3456 to_ex { }]
00:27:08.569140 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 32) :: > ff02::1:ff12:3456: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, neighbor solicitation, length 32, who has fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456
      unknown option (14), length 8 (1): 
        0x0000:  3bd4 4c86 3dd6
00:27:08.612632 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 37381, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 118)
    192.168.10.1.mdns > 224.0.0.251.mdns: [udp sum ok] 0 PTR (QU)? 6.5.4.3.2.1.e.f.f.f.0.0.4.5.0.5.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.e.f.ip6.arpa. (90)
00:27:09.592322 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header Options (0) payload length: 36) fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456 > ff02::16: HBH (rtalert: 0x0000) (padn) [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s) [gaddr ff02::1:ff12:3456 to_ex { }]
00:27:09.592483 IP6 (hlim 255, next-header ICMPv6 (58) payload length: 16) fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456 > ip6-allrouters: [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
      source link-address option (1), length 8 (1): 52:54:00:12:34:56
        0x0000:  5254 0012 3456
00:27:09.616466 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 255, id 18614, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 118)
    192.168.10.1.mdns > 224.0.0.251.mdns: [udp sum ok] 0 PTR (QM)? 6.5.4.3.2.1.e.f.f.f.0.0.4.5.0.5.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.e.f.ip6.arpa. (90)
00:27:09.976787 IP6 (hlim 1, next-header Options (0) payload length: 36) fe80::5054:ff:fe12:3456 > ff02::16: HBH (rtalert: 0x0000) (padn) [icmp6 sum ok] ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s) [gaddr ff02::1:ff12:3456 to_ex { }]

这些消息中是否有有用的信息,以便从客户端到主机获取ssh/scp？

最后,拥有以下state(UNKNOWN)是否正常guest eth0:

eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN 

??

更新2:我也尝试使用guestfwd带有" -net tap"标志的标志启动,如下所示:

qemu-system-sparc64 \
-boot c \
-hda debian-9.0-sparc64.qcow2 \
-net nic \
-net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no \
-net 'user,guestfwd=tcp::22-tcp::22' \
-m 1024 \
-nographic 

但仍然没有从客户到主机的ssh访问.

我不知道是否,进入-net 'user,guestfwd=tcp::22-tcp::22',以什么顺序我必须把客户端和主机的IP以及每个端口用于它们(我在这里22用于两者)

如果有人能给我一些关于" guestfwd"旗帜的精确度.

更新3:

最后,通过在MacOS主机(以root身份)上执行来解决此问题:

1)设置IP 190.168.10.1上bridge0使用" ifconfig bridge0 192.168.10.1"

2)使用以下命令启动Qemu:

qemu-system-sparc64 \
-boot c \
-hda debian-9.0-sparc64.qcow2 \
-device virtio-balloon \
-net nic,model=virtio,macaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56 \
-vga none \
-net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no \
-m 1024 \
-nographic

MAC地址52:54:00:12:34:56非常重要.

3)启动Qemu后,将tap0接口添加到bridge0:ifconfig bridge0 addm tap0

4)最后,从访客Debian Sparc64,我可以用(作为简单的用户或root)连接到MacOS主机:

ssh user_host@192.168.10.1