转换为联合字段产生转换警告

Question

我使用的是Microchip微控制器,它定义了以下结合:

__extension__ typedef struct tagT1CONBITS {
  union {
    struct {
      uint16_t :1;
      uint16_t TCS:1;
      uint16_t TSYNC:1;
      uint16_t :1;
      uint16_t TCKPS:2;
      uint16_t TGATE:1;
      uint16_t :6;
      uint16_t TSIDL:1;
      uint16_t :1;
      uint16_t TON:1;
    };
    struct {
      uint16_t :4;
      uint16_t TCKPS0:1;
      uint16_t TCKPS1:1;
    };
  };
} T1CONBITS;
extern volatile T1CONBITS T1CONbits __attribute__((__sfr__));

在我的代码中的某处我将变量定义为8位无符号整数,我想将其分配给上面联合的一个字段.有点如下:

uint8_t tckps;
// The value of tckps is calculated here by some magic formula
tckps = magicformula();
// We asign the value of tckps to the uC register
T1CONbits.TCKPS = tckps;

我-Wconversion在gcc中启用了选项,导致以下警告:

warning: conversion to 'volatile unsigned char:2' from 'uint8_t' may alter its value

我能理解为什么gcc警告我.我目前正在对tckps变量进行一次值检查,然后将其设置为所以我知道数据丢失不会成为问题,但我不知道如何满足gcc转换检查以便它不会在此警告我特殊案例.

我该如何修复警告？

提前致谢!

编辑:添加了工具链信息.

Microchip Language Tool Shell Version 1.33 (Build date: Oct  9 2017).
Copyright (c) 2012-2016 Microchip Technology Inc. All rights reserved
*** Executing: "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microchip\xc16\v1.33\bin\bin/elf-gcc.exe"
   "-v"
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=C:\Program Files (x86)\Microchip\xc16\v1.33\bin\bin/elf-gcc.exe
Target: pic30-elf
Configured with: /home/xc16/release-builds/build_20171009/src/XC_GCC/gcc/configure --build=i386-linux --host=i386-mingw32 --target=pic30-elf --disable-lto --disable-threads --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libstdcxx-pch --disable-hosted-libstdcxx --with-gnu-as --with-gnu-ld --enable-languages=c --disable-nls --disable-libgomp --without-headers --disable-libffi --disable-bootstrap --prefix=/bin --libexecdir=/bin --program-prefix=pic30- --with-libelf=/home/xc16/release-builds/build_20171009/bin/XC_GCC-elf-mingw32-xclm/host-libs/ --with-dwarf2 --with-gmp=/home/xc16/release-builds/build_20171009/bin/XC_GCC-elf-mingw32-xclm/host-libs --with-ppl=/home/xc16/release-builds/build_20171009/bin/XC_GCC-elf-mingw32-xclm/host-libs --with-cloog=/home/xc16/release-builds/build_20171009/bin/XC_GCC-elf-mingw32-xclm/host-libs --with-zlib=/home/xc16/release-builds/build_20171009/bin/XC_GCC-elf-mingw32-xclm/host-libs --with-bugurl=http://www.microchip.com/support --with-host-libstdcxx=-Wl,-Bstatic,-lstdc++,-Bdynamic,-lm
Thread model: single
gcc version 4.5.1 (XC16, Microchip v1.33) Build date: Oct  9 2017 (Microchip Technology)

Answer 1

这可以让 met 摆脱警告：

#include <stdint.h>

typedef struct tagT1CONBITS {
  union {
    struct {
      uint16_t :1;
      uint16_t TCS:1;
      uint16_t TSYNC:1;
      uint16_t :1;
      uint16_t TCKPS:2;
      uint16_t TGATE:1;
      uint16_t :6;
      uint16_t TSIDL:1;
      uint16_t :1;
      uint16_t TON:1;
    };
    struct {
      uint16_t :4;
      uint16_t TCKPS0:1;
      uint16_t TCKPS1:1;
    };
  };
} T1CONBITS;

volatile T1CONBITS T1CONbits;

uint8_t (*magicformula)(void);

int main(void)
{
    uint8_t tckps;
    // The value of tckps is calculated here by some magic formula
    tckps = magicformula() ;
    // We asign the value of tckps to the uC register
    T1CONbits.TCKPS = (uint8_t)(tckps & 3); // This fixes the warning

    return 0;
}

我用以下方法编译它：

gcc -Wall -Wconversion test2.c

我看到的问题是编译器无法检查函数边界是否超出变量的范围。如果您在使用时执行此操作，编译器可以检查这一点。

强制转换是为了避免在表达式提升为 int 时出现警告。