给定复合键'foo.bar.baz'时,递归设置Python dict项

Question

我想实现以下目标:

foodict['foo.bar.baz'] = 'foo'
{
   'foo': {
      'bar': {
            'baz': 'foo'
         }
       }
   }
}

...递归创建密钥.

抓了一会儿之后,我想出了这个:

class Config(dict):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.super = super(Config, self)
        self.update(*args, **kwargs)

    def __setitem__(self, keys, value):
        keys   = keys.split('.')
        keys.reverse()

        config = Config()

        for i, k in enumerate(keys):
            if i == 0:
                config  = Config(**{ k: value })
            else:
                config  = Config(**{ k: config })

        self.super.update(config)

Answer 1

您可以考虑Raymond Hettinger本人的"无限默认"食谱:

https://twitter.com/raymondh/status/343823801278140417

>>> from collections import defaultdict
>>> infinite_defaultdict = lambda: defaultdict(infinite_defaultdict)
>>> d = infinite_defaultdict()
>>> d['foo']['bar']['baz'] = 'foo'
>>> d
defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x1040388c8>, {'foo': defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x1040388c8>, {'bar': defaultdict(<function <lambda> at 0x1040388c8>, {'baz': 'foo'})})})

另一种选择是实施__missing__:

>>> class InfiniteDict(dict):
...     def __missing__(self, val):
...         d = InfiniteDict()
...         self[val] = d
...         return d
...
>>> d = InfiniteDict()
>>> d['foo']['bar']['baz'] = 'foo'
>>> d
{'foo': {'bar': {'baz': 'foo'}}}

如果您必须具有属性访问权限:

class InfiniteDict(dict):
   def __missing__(self, val):
       d = InfiniteDict()
       self[val] = d
       return d
   def __getattr__(self, item):
       return self.__getitem__(item)
   def __setattr__(self, item, value):
       super().__setitem__(item, value)

在行动:

>>> d = InfiniteDict()
>>> d.foo.bar.baz = 'foo'
>>> d
{'foo': {'bar': {'baz': 'foo'}}}
>>>

虽然,这有点快速和肮脏,所以不能保证没有任何错误.例如,与实际属性的碰撞几乎没有什么防范措施:

>>> d.keys = 'should I be allowed?'
>>> d
{'foo': {'bar': {'baz': 'foo'}}, 'keys': 'should I be allowed?'}
>>> d.keys()
dict_keys(['foo', 'keys'])