如何将城市点映射到具有移位坐标的美国地图以允许区域之间的空间？

Question

我想绘制美国地图,使用ggplot2地图分为4个区域中的1个区域,每个区域有空格b/w.另外,我有一套城市坐标我希望映射到每个区域.我的问题如下.我可以很好地创建地图,但我无法让城市坐标点落在地图上.我知道在区域之间添加空格需要更改地图的坐标,但我也相应地更改了城市的坐标,以至于我认为它们会在另一个上移动,但整个事情都是一团糟......

library(maps)
library(ggplot2)

us.map <-  map_data('state')

# add map regions
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
          c("connecticut", "maine", "massachusetts", "new hampshire", "rhode island", "vermont", "new jersey", "new york", "pennsylvania")] <- "PADD 1: East Coast"
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
          c("illinois", "indiana", "michigan", "ohio", "wisconsin", "iowa", "kansas", "minnesota", "missouri", "nebraska", "north dakota", "south dakota")] <- "PADD 2: Midwest"
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
          c("delaware", "florida", "georgia", "maryland", "north carolina", "south carolina", "virginia", "district of columbia", "west virginia", "alabama", "kentucky", "mississippi", "tennessee", "arkansas", "louisiana", "oklahoma", "texas")] <- "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
          c("alaska", "california", "hawaii", "oregon", "washington", "arizona", "colorado", "idaho", "montana", "nevada", "new mexico", "utah", "wyoming")] <- "PADD 4: West Coast"

# subset the dataframe by region (PADD) and move lat/lon accordingly
us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"]
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"] + 5

us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"]
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"]

us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"] - 3
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"]

us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] - 2
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] - 10

# plot 
ggplot(us.map,  aes(x=long.transp, y=lat.transp), colour="white") + 
  geom_polygon(aes(group = group, fill="red")) +
  theme(panel.background = element_blank(),  # remove background
    panel.grid = element_blank(), 
    axis.line = element_blank(), 
    axis.title = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks = element_blank(),
    axis.text = element_blank()) +
  coord_equal()+ scale_fill_manual(values="lightgrey", guide=FALSE)

这导致以下结果:

这很好(一些代码来自:https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/141181/how-to-create-a-us-map-in-r-with-separation-between-states-and-clear - 标签)但我想将一组坐标映射到它.

链接两个压缩数据集,cities2.csv并PADDS.csv在下面使用:https: //www.dropbox.com/s/zh9xyiakeuhgmdy/Archive.zip？dl = 0(抱歉,数据太大,无法使用dput)

#Two datasets found on dropbox link in zip 
cities<-read.csv("cities2.csv")
padds<-read.csv("PADDS.csv")
padds$State<-NULL

colnames(padds)<-c("state","PADD")
points<-merge(cities, padds, by="state",all.x=TRUE)

#Shift city coordinates according to padd region
points$Long2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 1: East Coast", points$Long+5,  points$Long)
points$Long2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 4: West Coast", points$Long-10,  points$Long2)

points$Lat2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 3: Gulf Coast", points$Lat-3,  points$Lat)
points$Lat2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 4: West Coast", points$Lat-2,  points$Lat2)

这导致以下结果:

显然这里出了点问题......非常感谢任何帮助.

Answer 1

cities我认为您的CSV 文件中的坐标是错误的。以下是我检查坐标的方法。我首先下载了您的 CSV 文件，将文件读取为cities，然后创建了一个sf对象并使用mapview包将其可视化。

colnames(cities) <- c("state", "Lat", "Long")

library(sf)
library(mapview)

cities_sf <- cities %>%
  st_as_sf(coords = c("Long", "Lat"), crs = 4326)

mapview(cities_sf)

正如您所看到的，纬度似乎是正确的，但经度都是错误的。然而，看来你的经度符号是错误的，因为我仍然可以根据这些点看到美国的形状。

所以，这里有一个快速修复方法。

library(dplyr)
cities2 <- cities %>% mutate(Long = -Long)

cities_sf2 <- cities2 %>%
  st_as_sf(coords = c("Long", "Lat"), crs = 4326)

mapview(cities_sf2)

现在坐标cities2是正确的。这样我们就可以运行您的代码来绘制城市地图。

colnames(padds)<-c("state","PADD")
points<-merge(cities2, padds, by="state",all.x=TRUE)

points$Long2<-ifelse(points$PADD  %in% "PADD 1: East Coast", points$Long+5,  points$Long)
points$Long2<-ifelse(points$PADD %in% "PADD 4: West Coast", points$Long-10,  points$Long2)

points$Lat2<-ifelse(points$PADD %in% "PADD 3: Gulf Coast", points$Lat-3,  points$Lat)
points$Lat2<-ifelse(points$PADD %in% "PADD 4: West Coast", points$Lat-2,  points$Lat2)

# P is the ggplot object you created earlier    
P + geom_point(data = points, aes(x = Long2, y = Lat2))

更新

这是OP请求的完整代码。

library(maps)
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

#Two datasets found on dropbox link in zip 
cities<-read.csv("cities.csv")
padds<-read.csv("PADDS.csv")
padds$State<-NULL

colnames(cities) <- c("state", "Lat", "Long")
colnames(padds)<-c("state","PADD")

cities2 <- cities %>% mutate(Long = -Long)

points<-merge(cities2, padds, by="state",all.x=TRUE)

#Shift city coordinates according to padd region
points$Long2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 1: East Coast", points$Long+5,  points$Long)
points$Long2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 4: West Coast", points$Long-10,  points$Long2)

points$Lat2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 3: Gulf Coast", points$Lat-3,  points$Lat)
points$Lat2<-ifelse(points$PADD =="PADD 4: West Coast", points$Lat-2,  points$Lat2)

us.map <-  map_data('state')

# add map regions
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
              c("connecticut", "maine", "massachusetts", "new hampshire", "rhode island", "vermont", "new jersey", "new york", "pennsylvania")] <- "PADD 1: East Coast"
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
              c("illinois", "indiana", "michigan", "ohio", "wisconsin", "iowa", "kansas", "minnesota", "missouri", "nebraska", "north dakota", "south dakota")] <- "PADD 2: Midwest"
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
              c("delaware", "florida", "georgia", "maryland", "north carolina", "south carolina", "virginia", "district of columbia", "west virginia", "alabama", "kentucky", "mississippi", "tennessee", "arkansas", "louisiana", "oklahoma", "texas")] <- "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"
us.map$PADD[us.map$region %in% 
              c("alaska", "california", "hawaii", "oregon", "washington", "arizona", "colorado", "idaho", "montana", "nevada", "new mexico", "utah", "wyoming")] <- "PADD 4: West Coast"

# subset the dataframe by region (PADD) and move lat/lon accordingly
us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"]
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 1: East Coast"] + 5

us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"]
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 2: Midwest"]

us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"] - 3
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 3: Gulf Coast"]

us.map$lat.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] <- us.map$lat[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] - 2
us.map$long.transp[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] <- us.map$long[us.map$PADD == "PADD 4: West Coast"] - 10

# plot 
P <- ggplot(us.map,  aes(x=long.transp, y=lat.transp), colour="white") + 
  geom_polygon(aes(group = group, fill="red")) +
  theme(panel.background = element_blank(),  # remove background
        panel.grid = element_blank(), 
        axis.line = element_blank(), 
        axis.title = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks = element_blank(),
        axis.text = element_blank()) +
  coord_equal()+ scale_fill_manual(values="lightgrey", guide=FALSE)

# P is the ggplot object you created earlier    
P + geom_point(data = points, aes(x = Long2, y = Lat2))