从列名称中删除部分字符串

Question

那是一个数据：

structure(list(Fasta.headers = c("Person01050.1", "Person01080.1", 
                                 "Person01090.1", "Person01100.4", "Person01140.1", "Person01220.1"), 
               ToRemove.Gr_1 = c(0, 1107200, 17096000, 0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_10 = c(0, 
                                                                                      37259000, 1104800000, 783870, 0, 1308600), ToRemove.Gr_11 = c(1835800, 
                                                                                                                                                     53909000, 623960000, 0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_12 = c(0, 19117000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                        808600000, 0, 0, 719400), ToRemove.Gr_13 = c(2544200, 2461400, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      418770000, 0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_14 = c(5120400, 1373700, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               117330000, 0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_15 = c(6623500, 0, 73336000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_16 = c(0, 0, 31761000, 0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_17 = c(13475000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0, 29387000, 0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_18 = c(7883300, 0, 27476000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_19 = c(82339000, 3254700, 50825000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_2 = c(1584100, 84847000, 5219500000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          6860700, 0, 8337700), ToRemove.Gr_20 = c(205860000, 0, 67685000, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0, 0, 0), ToRemove.Gr_21 = c(867120000, 1984400, 2.26e+08, 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0, 0, 10502000)), .Names = c("Fasta.headers", "ToRemove.Gr_1", 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               "ToRemove.Gr_10", "ToRemove.Gr_11", "ToRemove.Gr_12", "ToRemove.Gr_13", 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               "ToRemove.Gr_14", "ToRemove.Gr_15", "ToRemove.Gr_16", "ToRemove.Gr_17", 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               "ToRemove.Gr_18", "ToRemove.Gr_19", "ToRemove.Gr_2", "ToRemove.Gr_20", 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               "ToRemove.Gr_21"), row.names = c(NA, 6L), class = "data.frame")

正如已经在列名中建议的那样，应从名称中删除“ ToRemove”部分，而仅保留Gr_ *。

对于该问题，我将提供两种解决方案。首先，应基于分配的字符串，删除部分列名称或基于特定字符.（例如）。它应删除点之前或之后的整个部分。

Answer 1

我们可以用 sub

names(df1)[-1] <- sub(".*\\.", "", names(df1)[-1])

如果我们也需要.，请替换为.

names(df1)[-1] <- sub(".*\\.", ".", names(df1)[-1])

为了精确匹配模式，我们还可以匹配零个或多个[^.]*从^字符串的开头（）后面不是点t（）的字符，后跟一个点（\\.-将该点转义，因为它是一个隐含任何字符的元字符）并替换空白（""）

sub("^[^.]*\\.", "", names(df1)[-1])
#[1] "Gr_1"  "Gr_10" "Gr_11" "Gr_12" "Gr_13" "Gr_14" "Gr_15" "Gr_16" 
#[9] "Gr_17" "Gr_18" "Gr_19" "Gr_2"  "Gr_20" "Gr_21"

正如上面已经提到的“ ToRemove”，

sub("ToRemove.", "", names(df1)[-1], fixed = TRUE)

另外，如果我们需要删除所有字符，包括 .

sub("\\..*", "", names(df1)[-1])