如何在不损坏文本的情况下消除点/噪音？

Question

我正在使用OpenCV和Python处理图像.我需要从图像中删除点/噪声.
我试过扩张使点变小,但是文字被损坏了.我也试过循环扩张两次并侵蚀一次.但这并没有给出令人满意的结果.
还有其他方法可以达到这个目的吗？
谢谢 :)

编辑:
我是图像处理的新手.我目前的代码如下

image = cv2.imread(file)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
kernel = np.ones((2, 2), np.uint8)
gray = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, (5, 5), 0)
gray = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray, (5, 5), 0)
gray = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(gray, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, cv2.THRESH_BINARY, 11, 2)
gray = cv2.erode(gray, kernel, iterations=1)
gray = cv2.dilate(gray, kernel, iterations=1)
cv2.imwrite(file.split('.'[0]+"_process.TIF", gray))

编辑2:
我尝试了中位数模糊.它解决了90%的问题.我一直在使用gaussianBlurring.
谢谢

Answer 1

如何使用删除小型连接组件 connectedComponentsWithStats

import cv2
import numpy as np

img = cv2.imread('path_to_your_image', 0)
_, blackAndWhite = cv2.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)

nlabels, labels, stats, centroids = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(blackAndWhite, None, None, None, 8, cv2.CV_32S)
sizes = stats[1:, -1] #get CC_STAT_AREA component
img2 = np.zeros((labels.shape), np.uint8)

for i in range(0, nlabels - 1):
    if sizes[i] >= 50:   #filter small dotted regions
        img2[labels == i + 1] = 255

res = cv2.bitwise_not(img2)

cv2.imwrite('res.png', res)

这是c ++示例:

Mat invBinarized;

threshold(inputImage, invBinarized, 127, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV);
Mat labels, stats, centroids;

auto nlabels = connectedComponentsWithStats(invBinarized, labels, stats, centroids, 8, CV_32S, CCL_WU);

Mat imageWithoutDots(inputImage.rows, inputImage.cols, CV_8UC1, Scalar(0));
for (int i = 1; i < nlabels; i++) {
    if (stats.at<int>(i, 4) >= 50) {
        for (int j = 0; j < imageWithoutDots.total(); j++) {
            if (labels.at<int>(j) == i) {
                imageWithoutDots.data[j] = 255;
            }
        }
    }
}
cv::bitwise_not(imageWithoutDots, imageWithoutDots);

编辑:
另见

connectedComponentsWithStats的OpenCV文档

如何在python中使用openCV的连接组件和stats

学习opencv3的例子