当app被杀/在后台时,检测Android 7及更高版本中的连接变化

Question

问题:

所以问题是我有一个应用程序,当连接WiFi(连接的SSID和其他信息)或断开连接(通过移动网络)时,它会向我们的后端发送请求.但是,随着Android 7/N及更高版本的更改,CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE和CONNECTIVITY_ACTION不再在后台运行.现在大多数情况下人们滥用这个广播,因此我完全理解为什么要做出改变.但是,我不知道如何在当前状态下解决这个问题.

现在我不是一个Android开发人员(这是一个Cordova插件),所以我指望你们!

预期行为: 即使应用程序被杀/在后台,每当WiFi切换连接时,应用程序都会被唤醒并发送请求.

当前行为: 应用程序仅在应用程序位于前台时发送请求.

到目前为止尝试过: 到目前为止,我已经移动隐藏的意图,从清单中侦听CONNECTIVITY_ACTION,并在应用程序的主要部分(插件)中手动注册它.这使得它只要应用程序在内存中就可以工作,但不能在冷启动或实际背景下工作

已经看过: 大多数答案谈论使用预定的工作来代替丢失的广播.我看到这是如何工作的,例如,重试下载或类似,但不适用于我的情况(但如果我错了请纠正我).以下是我已经看过的SO帖子:

当应用程序处于前台时,检测Android 7.0 Nougat上的连接更改

不推荐使用ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION

使用JobScheduler检测连接更改

Android O - 检测后台连接的变化

Answer 1

Nougat及以上: 我们必须使用JobScheduler和JobService进行连接更改.

我只能将其分为三个步骤.

在活动中注册JobScheduler.此外,启动JobService(用于处理来自JobScheduler的回调的服务.使用JobScheduler安排的请求最终落在此服务的"onStartJob"方法上.)

public class NetworkConnectionActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_network_connection);
        Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        scheduleJob();

    }


    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private void scheduleJob() {
        JobInfo myJob = new JobInfo.Builder(0, new ComponentName(this, NetworkSchedulerService.class))
                .setRequiresCharging(true)
                .setMinimumLatency(1000)
                .setOverrideDeadline(2000)
                .setRequiredNetworkType(JobInfo.NETWORK_TYPE_ANY)
                .setPersisted(true)
                .build();

        JobScheduler jobScheduler = (JobScheduler) getSystemService(Context.JOB_SCHEDULER_SERVICE);
        jobScheduler.schedule(myJob);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        // A service can be "started" and/or "bound". In this case, it's "started" by this Activity
        // and "bound" to the JobScheduler (also called "Scheduled" by the JobScheduler). This call
        // to stopService() won't prevent scheduled jobs to be processed. However, failing
        // to call stopService() would keep it alive indefinitely.
        stopService(new Intent(this, NetworkSchedulerService.class));
        super.onStop();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        // Start service and provide it a way to communicate with this class.
        Intent startServiceIntent = new Intent(this, NetworkSchedulerService.class);
        startService(startServiceIntent);
    }
}

开始和完成工作的服务.

public class NetworkSchedulerService extends JobService implements
        ConnectivityReceiver.ConnectivityReceiverListener {

    private static final String TAG = NetworkSchedulerService.class.getSimpleName();

    private ConnectivityReceiver mConnectivityReceiver;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        Log.i(TAG, "Service created");
        mConnectivityReceiver = new ConnectivityReceiver(this);
    }



    /**
     * When the app's NetworkConnectionActivity is created, it starts this service. This is so that the
     * activity and this service can communicate back and forth. See "setUiCallback()"
     */
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand");
        return START_NOT_STICKY;
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onStartJob(JobParameters params) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartJob" + mConnectivityReceiver);
        registerReceiver(mConnectivityReceiver, new IntentFilter(Constants.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION));
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStopJob(JobParameters params) {
        Log.i(TAG, "onStopJob");
        unregisterReceiver(mConnectivityReceiver);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onNetworkConnectionChanged(boolean isConnected) {
        String message = isConnected ? "Good! Connected to Internet" : "Sorry! Not connected to internet";
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

    }
}

最后,检查网络连接的接收器类发生了变化.

public class ConnectivityReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    private ConnectivityReceiverListener mConnectivityReceiverListener;

    ConnectivityReceiver(ConnectivityReceiverListener listener) {
        mConnectivityReceiverListener = listener;
    }


    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        mConnectivityReceiverListener.onNetworkConnectionChanged(isConnected(context));

    }

    public static boolean isConnected(Context context) {
        ConnectivityManager cm = (ConnectivityManager)
                context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        NetworkInfo activeNetwork = cm.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        return activeNetwork != null && activeNetwork.isConnectedOrConnecting();
    }

    public interface ConnectivityReceiverListener {
        void onNetworkConnectionChanged(boolean isConnected);
    }
}

不要忘记在清单文件中添加权限和服务.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
          package="com.yourpackagename">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>


    <!-- Always required on api < 21, needed to keep a wake lock while your job is running -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>
    <!-- Required on api < 21 if you are using setRequiredNetworkType(int) -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
    <!-- Required on all api levels if you are using setPersisted(true) -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name=".connectivity.NetworkConnectionActivity"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>


        <!-- Define your service, make sure to add the permision! -->
        <service
            android:name=".connectivity.NetworkSchedulerService"
            android:exported="true"
            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"/>
    </application>

</manifest>

有关更多信息,请参阅以下链接.

https://github.com/jiteshmohite/Android-Network-Connectivity

https://github.com/evant/JobSchedulerCompat

https://github.com/googlesamples/android-JobScheduler

https://medium.com/@iiro.krankka/its-time-to-kiss-goodbye-to-your-implicit-broadcastreceivers-eefafd9f4f8a

Answer 2

获取连接更改 Android Os 7 及更高版本的最佳方法是在 Application 类中注册您的 ConnectivityReceiver 广播，如下所示，这有助于您在后台获取更改，直到您的应用程序处于活动状态。

public class MyApplication extends Application {

      private ConnectivityReceiver connectivityReceiver;

      private ConnectivityReceiver getConnectivityReceiver() {
          if (connectivityReceiver == null)
               connectivityReceiver = new ConnectivityReceiver();

          return connectivityReceiver;
       }
       @Override
       public void onCreate() {
         super.onCreate();
         registerConnectivityReceiver();
       }

     // register here your filtters 
     private void registerConnectivityReceiver(){
       try {
          // if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
          IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
          filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
          //filter.addAction(WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
          //filter.addAction(WifiManager.NETWORK_STATE_CHANGED_ACTION);
          //filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED);
          registerReceiver(getConnectivityReceiver(), filter);
       } catch (Exception e) {
         MLog.e(TAG, e.getMessage());
       }
 }

}

然后在清单中

     <application
      android:name=".app.MyApplication"/>

这是你的 ConnectivityReceiver.java

 public class ConnectivityReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(final Context context, final Intent intent) {
      MLog.v(TAG, "onReceive().." + intent.getAction());
      }
    }