如何循环C++地图的地图？

Question

如何std::map在C++中循环？我的地图定义为:

std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >

例如,上面的容器包含如下数据:

m["name1"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name1"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name2"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name2"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name3"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name3"]["value2"] = "data2";

如何遍历此地图并访问各种值？

Answer 1

旧的问题,但剩下的答案已经过时了C++ 11 - 你可以使用基于范围的for循环,只需:

std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>> mymap;

for(auto const &ent1 : mymap) {
  // ent1.first is the first key
  for(auto const &ent2 : ent1.second) {
    // ent2.first is the second key
    // ent2.second is the data
  }
}

这应该比早期版本更清晰,并避免不必要的副本.

有人赞成用引用变量的明确定义替换注释(如果未使用则会被优化掉):

for(auto const &ent1 : mymap) {
  auto const &outer_key = ent1.first;
  auto const &inner_map = ent1.second;
  for(auto const &ent2 : inner_map) {
    auto const &inner_key   = ent2.first;
    auto const &inner_value = ent2.second;
  }
}

Answer 2

您可以使用迭代器.

typedef std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string>>::iterator it_type;
for(it_type iterator = m.begin(); iterator != m.end(); iterator++) {
    // iterator->first = key
    // iterator->second = value
    // Repeat if you also want to iterate through the second map.
}

Answer 3

for(std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> >::iterator outer_iter=map.begin(); outer_iter!=map.end(); ++outer_iter) {
    for(std::map<std::string, std::string>::iterator inner_iter=outer_iter->second.begin(); inner_iter!=outer_iter->second.end(); ++inner_iter) {
        std::cout << inner_iter->second << std::endl;
    }
}

或者在C++ 0x中更好:

for(auto outer_iter=map.begin(); outer_iter!=map.end(); ++outer_iter) {
    for(auto inner_iter=outer_iter->second.begin(); inner_iter!=outer_iter->second.end(); ++inner_iter) {
        std::cout << inner_iter->second << std::endl;
    }
}

Answer 4

做这样的事情:

typedef std::map<std::string, std::string> InnerMap;
typedef std::map<std::string, InnerMap> OuterMap;

Outermap mm;

...//set the initial values

for (OuterMap::iterator i = mm.begin(); i != mm.end(); ++i) {
    InnerMap &im = i->second;
    for (InnerMap::iterator ii = im.begin(); ii != im.end(); ++ii) {
        std::cout << "map[" 
                  << i->first 
                  << "][" 
                  << ii->first 
                  << "] =" 
                  << ii->second 
                  << '\n';
    }
}   

Answer 5

在C++ 17中,您将能够使用"结构化绑定"功能,该功能允许您使用单个元组/对来定义具有不同名称的多个变量.例:

for (const auto& [name, description] : planet_descriptions) {
    std::cout << "Planet " << name << ":\n" << description << "\n\n";
}

在原来的建议(由灯具Bjarne的Stroustrup的,香草萨特和Gabriel杜斯雷斯)是有趣的阅读(和建议的语法更直观恕我直言); 这个标准的建议措辞也很难阅读,但更接近实际的内容.

Answer 6

C++ 11:

std::map< std::string, std::map<std::string, std::string> > m;
m["name1"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name1"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name2"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name2"]["value2"] = "data2";
m["name3"]["value1"] = "data1";
m["name3"]["value2"] = "data2";

for (auto i : m)
    for (auto j : i.second)
        cout << i.first.c_str() << ":" << j.first.c_str() << ":" << j.second.c_str() << endl;

输出:

name1:value1:data1
name1:value2:data2
name2:value1:data1
name2:value2:data2
name3:value1:data1
name3:value2:data2