pyqt5应用程序中的matplotlib工具栏

Question

这是使用python和qt完成的非常简单的应用程序，其中嵌入了matplotlib图。我想在情节上包括标准工具栏（缩放，首页等）。有可能吗？上面有一个代码示例。

import sys
from PyQt5 import QtCore
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QMenu, QVBoxLayout, QSizePolicy, QMessageBox, QWidget, QPushButton, QAction, QLineEdit, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):

        QMainWindow.__init__(self)

        self.title = 'test'
        self.left = 10
        self.top = 10
        self.width = 1920
        self.height = 1080

        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)

        m = PlotCanvas(self, width=10, height=8)
        m.move(0,100)

        self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')

        mainMenu = self.menuBar()
        mainMenu.setNativeMenuBar(False)
        fileMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('File')
        helpMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('Help')

        exitButton = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
        exitButton.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitButton.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitButton.triggered.connect(self.close)
        fileMenu.addAction(exitButton)


        self.nameLabel = QLabel(self)
        self.nameLabel.setText('Name:')
        self.line = QLineEdit(self)

        self.nameLabel2 = QLabel(self)
        self.nameLabel2.setText('Result')
        #self.line2 = QLineEdit(self)

        self.line.move(80, 20)
        self.line.resize(200, 32)
        self.nameLabel.move(20, 20)

        #self.line2.move(500, 20)
        #self.line2.resize(500, 32)
        self.nameLabel2.move(500, 20)

        pybutton = QPushButton('Click me', self)
        pybutton.clicked.connect(self.clickMethod)
        pybutton.resize(100,32)
        pybutton.move(50, 50)

    def clickMethod(self):
        print('Clicked Pyqt button.')
        if((self.line.text() == '')):
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Not a Number')
        else:
            print('Number: ' + str(float(self.line.text())*2))
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Introduction of a number')
            self.nameLabel2.setText(str(float(self.line.text())*2))


class PlotCanvas(FigureCanvas):

    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=10, height=8, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        self.axes = fig.add_subplot(111)

        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        #self.addWidget(toolbar)


        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self, QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
        self.plot()

    def plot(self):
        data = [random.random() for i in range(250)]
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        ax.plot(data, 'r-', linewidth = 0.5)
        ax.set_title('PyQt Matplotlib Example')
        self.draw()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    mainWin.show()
    sys.exit( app.exec_())

该代码具有按钮，状态栏，matplotlib图和QlineEdit。

Answer 1

要创建一个，NavigationToolbar您必须传递画布和一个父对象，但是由于它们将在一起，因此建议如下所示创建一个小部件：

class WidgetPlot(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        QWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setLayout(QVBoxLayout())
        self.canvas = PlotCanvas(self, width=10, height=8)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.toolbar)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)

然后我将更m = PlotCanvas(self, width = 10, height = 8)改为m = WidgetPlot(self)，这将解决您的问题。

加：

为了获得适当的顺序，建议使用布局，在以下代码中，我将使用布局显示相同的代码：

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QMainWindow, QAction, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QLineEdit, QSpacerItem, QSizePolicy, QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import random

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar


class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        QMainWindow.__init__(self)

        self.title = 'test'
        self.left = 10
        self.top = 10
        self.width = 1920
        self.height = 1080

        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(self.left, self.top, self.width, self.height)

        self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')

        mainMenu = self.menuBar()
        mainMenu.setNativeMenuBar(False)
        fileMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('File')
        helpMenu = mainMenu.addMenu('Help')

        exitButton = QAction(QIcon('exit24.png'), 'Exit', self)
        exitButton.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitButton.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitButton.triggered.connect(self.close)
        fileMenu.addAction(exitButton)


        widget =  QWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(widget)
        vlay = QVBoxLayout(widget)
        hlay = QHBoxLayout()
        vlay.addLayout(hlay)

        self.nameLabel = QLabel('Name:', self)
        self.line = QLineEdit(self)
        self.nameLabel2 = QLabel('Result', self)

        hlay.addWidget(self.nameLabel)
        hlay.addWidget(self.line)
        hlay.addWidget(self.nameLabel2)
        hlay.addItem(QSpacerItem(1000, 10, QSizePolicy.Expanding))

        pybutton = QPushButton('Click me', self)
        pybutton.clicked.connect(self.clickMethod)
        hlay2 = QHBoxLayout()
        hlay2.addWidget(pybutton)
        hlay2.addItem(QSpacerItem(1000, 10, QSizePolicy.Expanding))
        vlay.addLayout(hlay2)
        m = WidgetPlot(self)
        vlay.addWidget(m)

    def clickMethod(self):
        print('Clicked Pyqt button.')
        if self.line.text() == '':
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Not a Number')
        else:
            print('Number: {}'.format(float(self.line.text())*2))
            self.statusBar().showMessage('Introduction of a number')
            self.nameLabel2.setText(str(float(self.line.text())*2))

class WidgetPlot(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        QWidget.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
        self.setLayout(QVBoxLayout())
        self.canvas = PlotCanvas(self, width=10, height=8)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.toolbar)
        self.layout().addWidget(self.canvas)

class PlotCanvas(FigureCanvas):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, width=10, height=8, dpi=100):
        fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        FigureCanvas.__init__(self, fig)
        self.setParent(parent)
        FigureCanvas.setSizePolicy(self, QSizePolicy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        FigureCanvas.updateGeometry(self)
        self.plot()

    def plot(self):
        data = [random.random() for i in range(250)]
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        ax.plot(data, 'r-', linewidth = 0.5)
        ax.set_title('PyQt Matplotlib Example')
        self.draw()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWin = MainWindow()
    mainWin.show()
    sys.exit( app.exec_())

输出：