如何使用嵌套对象将 CSV 文件转换为特定的 JSON 格式？

Question

我想用 CSV 文件中的数据填充我的 json 消息。我希望每一行都是一个“新”json 对象。我正在使用 Python，完成后会将代码连接到 API。一些数据需要分类在“personalinfo”和“carinfo”下，我需要在正确的类别下填充正确的数据，如下面的“预期的 json 消息输出”所示。

这是我到目前为止所拥有的：

import csv
import json

csvfile = open('test.csv', 'r')
jsonfile = open('file.json', 'w')

fieldnames = ("firstname","r", "lastname","r", "age","r", "gender","r",
              "model","r", "price","r", "loan","r")
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile, fieldnames)
out = json.dumps( [ row for >row in reader ] )
jsonfile.write(out)

我不知道如何添加两个“personalinfo”和“carinfo”类别。

csv 表示例：

import csv
import json

csvfile = open('test.csv', 'r')
jsonfile = open('file.json', 'w')

fieldnames = ("firstname","r", "lastname","r", "age","r", "gender","r",
              "model","r", "price","r", "loan","r")
reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile, fieldnames)
out = json.dumps( [ row for >row in reader ] )
jsonfile.write(out)

预期的 json 消息输出：

{
    "personalinfo": {
        "firstname": "Anna",
        "lastname": "Andersson",
        "age": "28",
        "gender": "F",

        "carinfo": [{
            "car": "Audi",
            "model": "A8"
        }],

        "price": 40,
        "loan": "FALSE"
    }
}

下一条记录应该是一个新的 json 对象。

Answer 1

您需要将 csv 文件中的每一行数据转换为按照您描述的方式布局的 JSON 对象。这可以通过调用一个函数来完成，该函数row使用 a 从 csv 文件中获取字典csv.DictReader并执行以下操作：

import csv
import json

def make_record(row):
    return {
               "personalinfo": {
                   "firstname": row["FirstName"],
                   "lastname": row["LastName"],
                   "age": row["Age"],
                   "gender": row["gender"],
                   "carinfo": [
                       {
                           "car": row["Car"],
                           "model": row["model"]
                       }
                   ],
                   "price": int(row["Price"]),
                   "loan": row["loan"]
               }
           }


with open('csv_test.csv', 'r', newline='') as csvfile, \
     open('json_file.json', 'w') as jsonfile:
    reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile, delimiter='\t')
    out = json.dumps([make_record(row) for row in reader], indent=4)
    jsonfile.write(out)

# Show results.
with open('json_file.json', 'r') as jsonfile:
    print('results:')
    print(json.dumps(json.load(jsonfile), indent=4))