django rest框架列表查询由于日期格式化而自定义json数组结果响应

Question

我有这个Django REST API,我想自定义json响应的列表查询结果.原因是因为日期格式化以及可能的其他格式化.

这是Rest API,问题是created_at我希望它的格式如下:('%Y-%m-%d%H:%M').以下代码没有任何格式,它只会列出并在结果上创建一个json.

@api_view(['POST'])
def employee_get_list_by_page(request):
    val_params = ["id", "username","first_name","last_name","created_at"]    
    employee_list = Employee.objects.all().values(*val_params).order_by('id')  

    page = request.GET.get('page', request.POST['page'])
    paginator = Paginator(employee_list, request.POST['page_limit'])

    try:
        employees = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        employees = paginator.page(request.POST['page'])
    except EmptyPage:
        employees = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)

    return Response(list(employees), status=status.HTTP_200_OK)    

这是模型.注意我有.as_dict()函数.对于个人记录,比如使用emp = Employee.objects.get(id = 6),我可以这样做emp.as_dict(),结果将在created_at中具有格式化日期.

class Employee(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='employee')
    company = models.ForeignKey(Company)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=False)    
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=False)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=False)    
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.user.username

    def as_dict(self):
        return {"id": "%d" % self.id,
                "username": self.username if self.username else "",
                "first_name": self.first_name if self.first_name else "",
                "last_name": self.last_name if self.last_name else "",              
                "created_at":self.created_at.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')}

这是列表的json响应结果.请注意,日期未格式化.

[
  {
    "id": 7,
    "username": "mick",
    "first_name": "zack",
    "last_name": "ray",
    "created_at": "2017-12-07T10:09:28.376427Z" <-- I want this to be ('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')
  },
  {
    "id": 8,
    "username": "hu",
    "first_name": "rar",
    "last_name": "baw",
    "created_at": "2017-12-10T09:08:27.473997Z"
  }  
]

问题:如何使用我想要的格式获得json列表响应？

Answer 1

使用serializersdjango rest框架,创建一个序列化器类

from rest_framework import serializers

class EmployeeSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    created_at = serializers.DateTimeField(format='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M')

    class Meta:
       model = Employee
       fields = ("id", "username", "first_name", "last_name", "created_at")

现在使用序列化程序类解析您的员工查询集.

@api_view(['POST'])
def employee_get_list_by_page(request): 
    employees = Employee.objects.all().values(*val_params).order_by('id')
    serializer = EmployeeSerializer(employees, many=True)

    # rest of your code
    ...

    return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)  

格式字符串可以是显式指定格式的Python strftime格式,也可以是iso-8601指示ISO 8601应使用样式日期时间的特殊字符串.(例如 2013-01-29T12:34:56.000000Z)