Tomcat：在 Ubuntu 上安装后无法启动 tomcat：“tomcat.service 的作业失败，因为控制进程退出并显示错误代码。”

Question

我跟着步骤https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-apache-tomcat-8-on-ubuntu-16-04安装tomcat的24年5月8日在Ubuntu 16.04，直到运行sudo ufw allow 8080中《第六步：调整防火墙并测试Tomcat服务器》。

然后就无法启动tomcat，

$ sudo systemctl start tomcat
Job for tomcat.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status tomcat.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

并且该链接http://localhost:8080/在 firefox 和 google chrome 浏览器中都不起作用。

我想知道如何解决这个问题。

以下详细信息是我遵循sudo systemctl start tomcat. 似乎/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh成功了，/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh失败了。非常感谢您的帮助！

$ systemctl status tomcat.service
? tomcat.service - Apache Tomcat Web Application Container
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: activating (auto-restart) (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2017-12-01 18:55:30 EST; 2s ago
  Process: 19490 ExecStop=/opt/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 19478 ExecStart=/opt/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 19440 (code=exited, status=127)

Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Unit entered failed state.
Dec 01 18:55:30 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

$ journalctl -xe

-- Unit tomcat.service has begun starting up.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean startup.sh[18873]: Existing PID file found during start.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean startup.sh[18873]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean startup.sh[18873]: Tomcat started.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean shutdown.sh[18885]: PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit tomcat.service has failed.
-- 
-- The result is failed.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Unit entered failed state.
Dec 01 18:51:24 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 01 18:51:34 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Service hold-off time over, scheduling restart.
Dec 01 18:51:34 ocean systemd[1]: Stopped Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has finished shutting down
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit tomcat.service has finished shutting down.
Dec 01 18:51:34 ocean systemd[1]: Starting Apache Tomcat Web Application Container...
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit tomcat.service has begun starting up.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean startup.sh[18896]: Existing PID file found during start.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean startup.sh[18896]: Removing/clearing stale PID file.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean startup.sh[18896]: Tomcat started.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean shutdown.sh[18908]: PID file found but no matching process was found. Stop aborted.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: Failed to start Apache Tomcat Web Application Container.
-- Subject: Unit tomcat.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit tomcat.service has failed.
-- 
-- The result is failed.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Unit entered failed state.
Dec 01 18:51:35 ocean systemd[1]: tomcat.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

我的 Java 版本是

$ java --version
java 9.0.1
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 9.0.1+11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 9.0.1+11, mixed mode)

$ javac --version
javac 9.0.1

---

更新：

而不是sudo systemctl start tomcat它给出了上面的错误，如果我运行

cd /opt/tomcat/bin

sudo ./catalina.sh run

http://localhost:8080/显示正确的网页。那么，一个不起作用而另一个起作用的原因是什么？

Answer 1

让用户tomcat成为整个 tomcat 目录的所有者：

cd /opt && sudo chown -R tomcat tomcat/

Answer 2

我通过从JAVA_HOME中删除“ /jre ”解决了这个问题/etc/systemd/system/tomcat.service