在Space处拆分字符串,除了引号内部 - Go

Question

我想知道是否有任何方法可以轻松地在空格中分割字符串,除非空格在引号内？

例如,改变

Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff

成

Foo,bar,random和"letters lol" stuff

Answer 1

想一想.您有一个逗号分隔值(CSV)文件格式的字符串RFC4180,但您的分隔符,外部引号对是空格(而不是逗号).例如,

package main

import (
    "encoding/csv"
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    s := `Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff`
    fmt.Printf("String:\n%q\n", s)

    // Split string
    r := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(s))
    r.Comma = ' ' // space
    fields, err := r.Read()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Printf("\nFields:\n")
    for _, field := range fields {
        fmt.Printf("%q\n", field)
    }
}

游乐场:https://play.golang.org/p/Ed4IV97L7H

输出:

String:
"Foo bar random \"letters lol\" stuff"

Fields:
"Foo"
"bar"
"random"
"letters lol"
"stuff"

Answer 2

1. 使用strings.FieldsFunc试试这个：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    s := `Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff`
    quoted := false
    a := strings.FieldsFunc(s, func(r rune) bool {
        if r == '"' {
            quoted = !quoted
        }
        return !quoted && r == ' '
    })

    out := strings.Join(a, ", ")
    fmt.Println(out) // Foo, bar, random, "letters lol", stuff
}

2. 使用简单strings.Builder和range过度的字符串并随心所欲地保持或不保持"，试试这个

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    s := `Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff`
    a := []string{}
    sb := &strings.Builder{}
    quoted := false
    for _, r := range s {
        if r == '"' {
            quoted = !quoted
            sb.WriteRune(r) // keep '"' otherwise comment this line
        } else if !quoted && r == ' ' {
            a = append(a, sb.String())
            sb.Reset()
        } else {
            sb.WriteRune(r)
        }
    }
    if sb.Len() > 0 {
        a = append(a, sb.String())
    }

    out := strings.Join(a, ", ")
    fmt.Println(out) // Foo, bar, random, "letters lol", stuff
    // not keep '"': // Foo, bar, random, letters lol, stuff
}

3. 使用scanner.Scanner，试试这个：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "strings"
    "text/scanner"
)

func main() {
    var s scanner.Scanner
    s.Init(strings.NewReader(`Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff`))
    slice := make([]string, 0, 5)
    tok := s.Scan()
    for tok != scanner.EOF {
        slice = append(slice, s.TokenText())
        tok = s.Scan()
    }
    out := strings.Join(slice, ", ")
    fmt.Println(out) // Foo, bar, random, "letters lol", stuff
}

4. 使用csv.NewReaderwhich删除 "自身，试试这个：

package main

import (
    "encoding/csv"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    s := `Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff`
    r := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(s))
    r.Comma = ' '
    record, err := r.Read()
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    out := strings.Join(record, ", ")
    fmt.Println(out) // Foo, bar, random, letters lol, stuff
}

5. 使用regexp，试试这个：

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "regexp"
    "strings"
)

func main() {
    s := `Foo bar random "letters lol" stuff`

    r := regexp.MustCompile(`[^\s"]+|"([^"]*)"`)
    a := r.FindAllString(s, -1)

    out := strings.Join(a, ", ")
    fmt.Println(out) // Foo, bar, random, "letters lol", stuff
}