And*_*imm 8 ruby state memoization
关于如何避免由于可变状态导致错误的memoization,是否有共识?
在此示例中,缓存的结果的状态发生了突变,因此在第二次调用时得出了错误的结果.
class Greeter
def initialize
@greeting_cache = {}
end
def expensive_greeting_calculation(formality)
case formality
when :casual then "Hi"
when :formal then "Hello"
end
end
def greeting(formality)
unless @greeting_cache.has_key?(formality)
@greeting_cache[formality] = expensive_greeting_calculation(formality)
end
@greeting_cache[formality]
end
end
def memoization_mutator
greeter = Greeter.new
first_person = "Bob"
# Mildly contrived in this case,
# but you could encounter this in more complex scenarios
puts(greeter.greeting(:casual) << " " << first_person) # => Hi Bob
second_person = "Sue"
puts(greeter.greeting(:casual) << " " << second_person) # => Hi Bob Sue
end
memoization_mutator
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我可以看到避免这种情况的方法是:
greeting可以返回一个dup或clone的@greeting_cache[formality]greeting可能freeze的结果@greeting_cache[formality].这会导致在向其memoization_mutator追加字符串时引发异常.greeting以确保它们不会对字符串进行任何变更.对最佳方法有共识吗?做(1)或(2)的唯一缺点是性能下降?(我也怀疑如果某个对象引用了其他对象,它可能无法完全冻结)
旁注:这个问题不会影响memoization的主要应用:因为Fixnums是不可变的,计算Fibonacci序列没有可变状态的问题.:)