使 Django 中静态文件的浏览器缓存无效

Question

在 Django 中，我们可以ManifestStaticFilesStorage缓存静态文件，但它可以在 Django 和浏览器之间工作，但我希望在用户和浏览器之间有正确的缓存。

我想要：每次更改静态文件时，都会重新计算文件的哈希值，并且浏览器缓存会失效，并且用户无需运行 F5 adn 即可看到新的静态文件--collectstatic --no-input。

我的代码现在不起作用： settings.py

STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'auth.utils.HashPathStaticFilesStorage'

CACHES = {
    'staticfiles': {
        'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
        'LOCATION': 'staticfiles',
        'TIMEOUT': 3600 * 24 * 7,
        'MAX_ENTRIES': 100,
    }
}

和auth.utils.py：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import time

from hashlib import sha384

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.cache import cache
from django.contrib.staticfiles.storage import ManifestStaticFilesStorage


try:
    ACCURACY = settings.STATICFILES_HASH_ACCURACY
except AttributeError:
    ACCURACY = 12

try:
    KEY_PREFIX = settings.STATICFILES_HASH_KEY_PREFIX
except AttributeError:
    KEY_PREFIX = 'staticfiles_hash'

class HashPathStaticFilesStorage(ManifestStaticFilesStorage):
    """A static file storage that returns a unique url based on the contents
    of the file. When a static file is changed the url will also change,
    forcing all browsers to download the new version of the file.

    The uniqueness of the url is a GET parameter added to the end of it. It
    contains the first 12 characters of the SHA3 sum of the contents of the
    file.

    Example: {% static "image.jpg" %} -> /static/image.jpg?4e1243

    The accuracy of the hash (number of characters used) can be set in
    settings.py with STATICFILES_HASH_ACCURACY. Setting this value too low
    (1 or 2) can cause different files to get the same hash and is not
    recommended. SHA3 hashes are 40 characters long so all accuracy values
    above 40 have the same effect as 40.

    The values can be cached for faster performance. All keys in the cache have
    the prefix specified in STATICFILES_HASH_KEY_PREFIX in setings.py. This
    value defaults to 'staticfiles_hash'
    """

    @property
    def prefix_key(self):
        return "%s:%s" % (KEY_PREFIX, 'prefix')

    def invalidate_cache(self, nocache=False):
        """Invalidates the cache. Run this when one or more static files change.
        If called with nocache=True the cache will not be used.
        """
        value = int(time.time())
        if nocache:
            value = None
        cache.set(self.prefix_key, value)

    def get_cache_key(self, name):
        hash_prefix = cache.get(self.prefix_key)
        if not hash_prefix:
            return None
        key = "%s:%s:%s" % (KEY_PREFIX, hash_prefix, name)
        return key

    def set_cached_hash(self, name, the_hash):
        key = self.get_cache_key(name)
        if key:
            cache.set(key, the_hash)

    def get_cached_hash(self, name):
        key = self.get_cache_key(name)
        if not key:
            return None
        the_hash = cache.get(key)
        return the_hash

    def calculate_hash(self, name):
        path = self.path(name)
        try:
            the_file = open(path, 'rb')
            the_hash = sha384(the_file.read()).hexdigest()[:ACCURACY]
            the_file.close()
        except IOError:
            return ""
        return the_hash

    def get_hash(self, name):
        the_hash = self.get_cached_hash(name)
        if the_hash:
            return the_hash
        the_hash = self.calculate_hash(name)
        self.set_cached_hash(name, the_hash)
        return the_hash

    def url(self, name):
        base_url = super(HashPathStaticFilesStorage, self).url(name)
        the_hash = self.get_hash(name)
        if "?" in base_url:
            return "%s&%s" % (base_url, the_hash)
        return "%s?%s" % (base_url, the_hash)

Answer 1

我只是用这个非常简单的想法

<img src="{{ company.logo.url }}?v={% now 'U' %}" />

强制使用版本并将?v=版本设置为当前时间戳，{% now 'U' %}以便它会随着每个请求而更改