Python:如何从FQDN获取IP地址

Question

如果我有FQDN,例如www.google.com,我如何获得相应的IP地址？

Answer 1

最简单的方法是socket.gethostbyname().

Answer 2

您可以使用socket.getaddrinfo。这将为您提供与该名称相关的不同 IP 地址，并且还可以为您提供 IPv6 地址。

从文档中：

>>> import socket
>>> help(socket.getaddrinfo)
Help on built-in function getaddrinfo in module _socket:

getaddrinfo(...)
    getaddrinfo(host, port [, family, socktype, proto, flags])
        -> list of (family, socktype, proto, canonname, sockaddr)

    Resolve host and port into addrinfo struct.
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(socket.getaddrinfo('www.google.com', 80))
[(2, 1, 6, '', ('74.125.230.83', 80)),
 (2, 2, 17, '', ('74.125.230.83', 80)),
 (2, 3, 0, '', ('74.125.230.83', 80)),
 (2, 1, 6, '', ('74.125.230.80', 80)),
 (2, 2, 17, '', ('74.125.230.80', 80)),
 (2, 3, 0, '', ('74.125.230.80', 80)),
 (2, 1, 6, '', ('74.125.230.81', 80)),
 (2, 2, 17, '', ('74.125.230.81', 80)),
 (2, 3, 0, '', ('74.125.230.81', 80)),
 (2, 1, 6, '', ('74.125.230.84', 80)),
 (2, 2, 17, '', ('74.125.230.84', 80)),
 (2, 3, 0, '', ('74.125.230.84', 80)),
 (2, 1, 6, '', ('74.125.230.82', 80)),
 (2, 2, 17, '', ('74.125.230.82', 80)),
 (2, 3, 0, '', ('74.125.230.82', 80))]

注意：gethostbyname在 C 中已弃用（Pythonsocket.gethostbyname是用它实现的），因为它不支持 IPv6 地址，并且getaddrinfo是推荐的替代品。