NLTK无法找到Java文件！斯坦福POS塔格

Question

我一直在努力让斯坦福POS Tagger工作一段时间。在一个旧的SO帖子中，我找到了以下代码（略作修改）：

stanford_dir = 'C:/Users/.../stanford-postagger-2017-06-09/'

from nltk.tag import StanfordPOSTagger
#from nltk.tag.stanford import StanfordPOSTagger # I tried it both ways
from nltk import word_tokenize

# Add the jar and model via their path (instead of setting environment variables):
jar = stanford_dir + 'stanford-postagger.jar'
model = stanford_dir + 'models/english-left3words-distsim.tagger'

pos_tagger = StanfordPOSTagger(model, jar, encoding='utf8')

text = pos_tagger.tag(word_tokenize("What's the airspeed of an unladen swallow ?"))
print(text)

但是，出现以下错误：

LookupError: 

===========================================================================
NLTK was unable to find the java file!
Use software specific configuration paramaters or set the JAVAHOME environment variable.
===========================================================================

我不知道它在说什么Java文件。我确定它找到了正确的文件，因为如果我将路径更改为不正确的内容，则会收到另一个错误：

LookupError: Could not find stanford-postagger.jar jar file at C:/Users/.../stanford-postagger-2017-06-09/sstanford-postagger.jar

缺少什么Java文件？如何使斯坦福POS标记器工作？

编辑：

我在Windows上转到Stanford NLP的此链接，并尝试：

（第二编辑-添加安装过程）：

import urllib.request
import zipfile
urllib.request.urlretrieve(r'http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20.zip', r'C:/Users/HMISYS/Downloads/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20.zip')
zfile = zipfile.ZipFile(r'C:/Users/HMISYS/Downloads/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20.zip')
zfile.extractall(r'C:/Users/HMISYS/Downloads/')
# End second edit

from nltk.tag.stanford import StanfordPOSTagger
# Trying on an older version
_model_filename = r'C:/Users/HMISYS/Downloads/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20/models/english-bidirectional-distsim.tagger'
_path_to_jar = r'C:/Users/HMISYS/Downloads/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20/stanford-postagger.jar'
st = StanfordPOSTagger(model_filename=_model_filename, path_to_jar=_path_to_jar)
text = st.tag(nltk.word_tokenize("What's the airspeed of an unladen swallow ?"))
print(text)

但是我遇到了同样的错误。根据这篇文章，我使用以下命令设置路径变量：

set STANFORDTOOLSDIR=$HOME
set CLASSPATH=$STANFORDTOOLSDIR/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20/stanford-postagger.jar
set export STANFORD_MODELS=$STANFORDTOOLSDIR/stanford-postagger-full-2015-04-20/models

但是我得到这个错误：

NLTK was unable to find stanford-postagger.jar! Set the CLASSPATH environment variable.

Answer 1

我在代码中添加了以下几行，并且可以正常工作：

import os
java_path = "C:/Program Files/Java/jdk1.8.0_161/bin/java.exe"
os.environ['JAVAHOME'] = java_path