如何在 Spring boot 中集成测试存储库

Question

我是 Spring Boot 的新手，制作了我的第一个实体。如何测试存储库？我正在使用本地 MySQL 数据库。那么第一步是模拟数据库吗？

    @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
    @DataJpaTest
    public class ClusterTest {

        @Autowired
        private TestEntityManager testEntityManager;

        @Autowired
        private ClusterRepository clusterRepository;

        @Test
        public void testExample() throws Exception{
            this.testEntityManager.persist(new Cluster("Project", "System"));
Cluster cluster = this.clusterRepository.findOne(1);
            assertThat(testcluster.getProject()).isEqualTo("System");
        }

    }

这是我的集群实体

@Entity
@Table(name = "Cluster")
public class Cluster {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;

    private String project;

    public Cluster(){

    }

    public Cluster(String project) {
        this.project = project;

    }

我的存储库只是扩展了 JpaRepository。

我收到的错误是 java.lang.IllegalStateException: 无法加载 ApplicationContext。还有一点不足：无法用嵌入式数据库替换 DataSource 进行测试。如果您想要一个嵌入式数据库，请将受支持的数据库放在类路径上或调整@AutoconfigureTestDatabase 的替换属性。

这是我的 application.properties 文件，来自 src/main/resources/application.properties：

security.basic.enabled=false
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect = org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

我将此文件复制到我的 src/test/resources/application.properties

和错误

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:117)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
    at org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(SpringBootDependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:44)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
    at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'dataSource': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to replace DataSource with an embedded database for tests. If you want an embedded database please put a supported one on the classpath or tune the replace attribute of @AutoconfigureTestDatabase.

Answer 1

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = NONE)
public class ClusterTests {

@Autowired
    private TestEntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    private ClusterRepository clusterRepository;
}

这应该有助于摆脱内存数据库生成。最好的方法是使用内存数据库来保存实体，但另一种好的方法是直接使用数据库。通过使用 @AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = NONE) 你告诉 spring 不要替换数据源。

希望能帮助到你